Examples comparing the differences between include and require in PHP-PHP Tutorial-php.cn

There is too much information on the Internet about the difference between include and require in PHP. But is this really the case? Today we will briefly analyze and verify it through a specific example

First edit the command.php file

echo 'hello'.PHP_EOL;

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Then edit The console.php file

for($i=1;$i<=3;++$i){ require 'command1.php'; }

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originally wanted to include and execute this echo, but I didn’t expect that I wrote the wrong file name. If it is require, an error like this will be reported:

Warning: require(command1.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in console.php on line 4 Fatal error: require(): Failed opening required 'command1.php' (include_path='.') in console.php on line 4 PHP Warning: require(command1.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in console.php on line 4 PHP Fatal error: require(): Failed opening required 'command1.php' (include_path='.') in console.php on line 4

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If you change require to include

for($i=1;$i<=3;++$i){ include 'command1.php'; }

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, an error like this will be reported:

Warning: include(command1.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in console.php on line 4 Warning: include(): Failed opening 'command1.php' for inclusion (include_path='.') in console.php on line 4 Warning: include(command1.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in console.php on line 4 Warning: include(): Failed opening 'command1.php' for inclusion (include_path='.') in console.php on line 4 Warning: include(command1.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in console.php on line 4 Warning: include(): Failed opening 'command1.php' for inclusion (include_path='.') in console.php on line 4 PHP Warning: include(command1.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in console.php on line 4 PHP Warning: include(): Failed opening 'command1.php' for inclusion (include_path='.') in console.php on line 4 PHP Warning: include(command1.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in console.php on line 4 PHP Warning: include(): Failed opening 'command1.php' for inclusion (include_path='.') in console.php on line 4 PHP Warning: include(command1.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in console.php on line 4 PHP Warning: include(): Failed opening 'command1.php' for inclusion (include_path='.') in console.php on line 4

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If you use require_once or include_once, as long as the include path is correct, the loop will only be executed once.

Summary:

Using require, if the file is not included successfully, a fatal error will be reported and the entire program will be terminated.

Using include, if the file is not included successfully, a normal warning will be reported, and the subsequent code will still be executed.

If your web program uses MVC, a design method that contains strong dependencies on files, please use require_once.

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