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An interpreted language--an introduction to python

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Release: 2017-06-27 09:54:43
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Python is an interpreted language

Choice of python 2 or 3:

Python 2.7 is the latest and last version of 2, and the update supports Updates will stop in 2020, but companies that are currently using or have developed it continue to use python2, so the transition period for updates still has a way to go, and python 3 will be the long-term development in the future. A better choice (this is only for beginners), of course, when learning python3, you must understand the different features between 2 and 3.

Installation and configuration

windows

##1. Download the installation package

https://www.python.org/ downloads/2
、Install
Default installation path :C:\pythonXX3
、Configure environment variables
[Right-click computer] --》[Properties]--》[Advanced system settings] --》[Advanced]--》[Environment Variables]--》[Find the line with the variable name Path in the second content box, double-click it] --> [The Python installation directory is appended to the variable value, separated by;] ​​
For example: original value;C :\pythonXX, remember to have a semicolon in front ##linux, Mac

No installation required, original Python environment

ps: If you have
2.6
, please update to 2.7 or other versions
First program
1 print 'Hello World!'    #python2的写法2 print ('Hello World!')   #python3的写法
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Declare variables
name='Tom'
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Rules for variable definition:

Variable names can only be any combination of letters, numbers or underscores
    • The first character of the variable name cannot be a number

    • The following keywords cannot be declared as variable names

      ['and', 'as', 'assert', ' break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'exec', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global' , 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'not', 'or', 'pass', 'print', 'raise', 'return', 'try', ' while', 'with', 'yield']

    • Assignment of variables
name=      =name    (name2)
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Character encoding

should be displayed at the beginning of the file to tell the python interpreter what encoding to use to execute the source code, that is:

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-  #告诉python字符编码
  print "你好,世界"
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注释

  当行注视:# 被注释内容

  多行注释:""" 被注释内容 """

数据类型初识

1、数字

2 是一个整数的例子。
长整数 不过是大一些的整数。
3.23和52.3E-4是浮点数的例子。E标记表示10的幂。在这里,52.3E-4表示52.3 * 10-4。
(-5+4j)和(2.3-4.6j)是复数的例子,其中-5,4为实数,j为虚数,数学中表示复数是什么?。

int(整型)

  在32位机器上,整数的位数为32位,取值范围为-2**31~2**31-1,即-2147483648~2147483647
  在64位系统上,整数的位数为64位,取值范围为-2**63~2**63-1,即-9223372036854775808~9223372036854775807
long(长整型)
  跟C语言不同,Python的长整数没有指定位宽,即:Python没有限制长整数数值的大小,但实际上由于机器内存有限,我们使用的长整数数值不可能无限大。
  注意,自从Python2.2起,如果整数发生溢出,Python会自动将整数数据转换为长整数,所以如今在长整数数据后面不加字母L也不会导致严重后果了。
float(浮点型)
      先扫盲  
  浮点数用来处理实数,即带有小数的数字。类似于C语言中的double类型,占8个字节(64位),其中52位表示底,11位表示指数,剩下的一位表示符号。
complex(复数)
  复数由实数部分和虚数部分组成,一般形式为x+yj,其中的x是复数的实数部分,y是复数的虚数部分,这里的x和y都是实数。
注:Python中存在小数字池:-5 ~ 257
 
2、布尔值
  真或假
  1 或 0
3、字符串
"hello world"

 

接收用户输入

#!/usr/bin/env python#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
 
 #name = raw_input("请输入用户名") #只有 python 2.x有这种写法name=input('请输入用户名:')print('Hello '+name)
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if else ...

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: encoding -*-age=int(input('请输入年龄:'))        #接收一个age值,这里因为age是一个int类型,所以需要强制转换一下if age<100:       print('你还小')    #判断age的值小于100的时候输出“你还小”else:print('你已经老了')   #否则输出“你已经老了”
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if elif else ...

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: encoding -*-my_age=22           #定义一个自己的年龄age=int(input('请输入年龄'))  #接收一个年龄if age==my_age:print('猜对了')   #如果输入的值等于my_age的值 输出猜对了elif age<my_ageprint('猜小了')    #输入的值小于my_age的值,输出才小了else:print('猜大了')     #负责显示猜大了
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 while 循环 ...

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: encoding -*-count=0         #定义一个值为count的计数器while True:       print(count)  #如果为真就一直循环 这是一个死循环,不停止程序会一直执行count+=1    #循环一次给计数器+1
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for 循环 ... 

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: encoding -*-for i in range(10)print(i)                #最简单的循环打印10次
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