Analyze the three major characteristics of PHP object-oriented-PHP Tutorial-php.cn

class BenHang extends Card{     /*构造函数与及构造的继承*/ function __construct($cardno,$pwd, $name,$money){
         parent::__construct($cardno,$pwd, $name,$money);
     }    
     function take($money){         echo "本行取款{$money}没有手续费·····
";
     }function zhuan($money){         echo "本行转账{$money}·····
";
     }
    
 }$benhang=new BenHang(123,344,444,444);$benhang->check();$benhang->take(234);$benhang->zhuan(4555);/*其他银行卡的类*/class Qita extends Card{function __construct($cardno,$pwd, $name,$money){
         parent::__construct($cardno,$pwd, $name,$money);
     }    function take($money){         echo "非本行取款{$money}有手续费2元·····
";
     }
}$qita=new Qita(123,344,444,444);$qita->check();$qita->take(99);

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PHP's three major characteristics: inheritance, packaging, polymorphism

1. How to implement inheritance?

Use the extends keyword for the subclass to inherit the parent class;

class Student extends Person{}# 2. Things to note when implementing inheritance?

① Subclasses can only inherit non-private properties of the parent class.

②After a subclass inherits a parent class, it is equivalent to copying the properties and methods of the parent class to the subclass, which can be called directly using $this.

③ PHP can only support single inheritance and does not support one class inheriting multiple classes. But a class carries out multi-level inheritance;

class Student extends Chengnian{}

//Student class has both Chengnian class and Person class Properties and methods

3. Method override (method rewriting)## Condition ① Subclass Inherit from parent class.

Condition ② The subclass overrides the existing method of the parent class.

Meeting the above two conditions is called method coverage. After overriding, when a subclass calls a method, the subclass's own method will be called. Similarly, in addition to method overrides, subclasses can also have attributes with the same name as the parent class for attribute overrides.

4. If the subclass overrides the parent class method, how to call the parent class method with the same name in the subclass?

partent::method name();

Therefore, when a subclass inherits a parent class, it needs to be The first step in the construction is to call the parent class constructor to copy.

function __construct($name,$sex,$school){

parent::__construct($name,$sex);

$this->school = $school;

}

实例一枚：

class Person{protected $name;public $sex;
        function __construct($name,$sex){     //声明构造函数            $this->name = $name;
            $this->sex = $sex;
        }
        function say(){
            echo "我叫{$this->name}，我是{$this->sex}生！
";
        }
    }    class Student extends Person{                       //子类继承父类public $school;                                           function __construct($name,$sex,$school){          //子类的构造函数            parent::__construct($name,$sex);        //调用父类构造进行复制$this->school = $school;
        }
        
        function program(){
            echo "PHP真好玩！我爱PHP！PHP是世界上最好用的编程语言！
";
        }
        
        function say(){
            parent::say();                      //重写父类的同名方法echo "我是{$this->school}的";
        }
    }
    
    $zhangsan = new Student("张三","男","起航");
    $zhangsan->say();
    $zhangsan->program();

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二、封装

  1、什么是封装？

   通过访问修饰符，将类中不需要外部访问的属性和方法进行私有化处理，以实现访问控制。

 【注意】：是实现访问控制，而不是拒绝访问。 也就是说，我们私有化属性之后，需要提供对应的方法，让用户通过我们提供的方法处理属性。

  2、封装的作用？

    ①使用者只关心类能够提供的功能，而不必关心功能实现的细节！(封装方法)

    ②对用户的数据进行控制，防止设置不合法数据，控制返回给用户的数据(属性封装+set/get方法)

  3、实现封装操作？

    ① 方法的封装

    对于一些只在类内部使用的方法，而不像对外部提供使用。那么，这样的方法我们可以使用private进行私有化处理。

      private function formatName(){}        //这个方法仅仅能在类内部使用$this调用

          function showName(){

          $this -> formatName();

}

  ②属性的封装+set/get方法

 In order to control the setting and reading of attributes, you can privatize the attributes and require users to set them through the set/get methods we provide 

        Private $ Age; 

# FUNCTION SETAGE ($ Age) {

# 000 

}

# FUNCTION GETAGE () {

## Return $ This- & GT

## }

##         $Object-> getAge();

                             $Object-> setAge(12);

 ③ Attribute encapsulation + magic method

##private $age;

## Function __get($key){

Return $this->$key;

}

## Function __Set ($ key, $ value) {

# $ this- & gt; $ key = $ value; 

## Call the __get() magic method, and pass the accessed attribute name to the __get() method; ##//When setting the object's private attributes, the __set() magic method is automatically called, and the set attribute name and attribute value are passed to the __set() method; 

 【 注意】：在魔术方法中，可以使用分支结构，判断$key的不同，进行不同操作。
   4、关于封装的魔术方法：
      ① __set($key,$value):给类私有属性赋值时自动调用，调用时给方法传递两个参数：需要设置的属性名、属性值；
      ② __get($key):读取类私有属性时自动调用，调用时给方法传递一个参数：需要读取的属性名；
      ③ __isset($key):外部使用isset()函数检测私有属性时，自动调用。
        >>> 类外部使用isset();检测私有属性，默认是检测不到的。false
        >>> 所以，我们可以使用__isset();函数，在自动调用时，返回内部检测结果。
        function __isset($key){
              return isset($this->$key);
             }
 当外部使用isset($对象名->私有属性);检测时，将自动调用上述__isset()返回的结果！
     ④ __unset($key):外部使用unset()函数删除私有属性时，自动调用；
        function __unset($key){
            unset($this->$key);
            }
   当外部使用unset($对象名->私有属性);删除属性时，自动将属性名传给__unset(),并交由这个魔术方法处理。
实例一枚
class Person{public $name;public $age;public $sex;
        function __construct($name, $age,$sex){
            $this->name=$name;
            $this->setAge($age);
            $this->setSex($sex);
        }
        function setAge($age){if($age>=0&&$age<=120){return $this->age=$age;
            }else{
                die("年龄输入有误！！！");
            }
        }
        function setSex($sex){if($sex=="女"||$sex=="男"){return    $this->sex=$sex;
            }else{
                die("性别输入有误！！！");
            }
        }
        function say(){
            echo "我的名字叫{$this->name},我的年龄{$this->age},我的性别是{$this->sex}
";
        }
    }class Work extends Person{private $position;
        function __construct($name, $age,$sex,$position){
            parent::__construct($name, $age,$sex);
            $this->job=$job;
            $this->setPosition($position);
        }
        function setPosition($position){
            $arr=['总监','董事长','程序员','清洁工'];if(in_array($position, $arr)){return $this->position=$position;
            }else{
                die("不存在该职位");
            }
        }        
        function __set($key,$value){if($key=="age"){return    parent::setAge($value);
            }
            elseif($key=="sex"){return    parent::setSex($value);
            }
            elseif($key=="position"){return $this->setPosition($value);
            }return $this->$key=$value;
        }
        
        function say(){
            parent::say();
            echo "我的职位是{$this->position}";
        }
     }
     
    $zhangsan=new Work("张三",22,"男","总监");
    $zhangsan->setSex("女");
    $zhangsan->setAge(30);//  $zhangsan->setPosition("董事长");$zhangsan->position="董事长";
    $zhangsan->name="lisi";$zhangsan->say();Copy after login
 
三.多态
  3.1、什么是多态？
     多态实现多态的前提是实现继承。
      1.一个类被多个子类继承，如果这个类的某个方法在多个子类中表现出不同的功能，我们称这种行为为多态。在PHP中的方法重写，
     2.实现多态的必要途径：
      ⑴子类继承父类；
      ⑵重写父类方法；
      ⑶父类引用指向子类对象；
     /*墨盒接口
 * 纸张接口*/
 interface InkBox{     function color();
 }interface Paper{     function sizes();
 }class Computer{function fangfa(InkBox $a,Paper $b){     //父类引用echo "即将开始打印····
";    $a->color();$b->sizes();echo "打印结束···
";    
    
  }
}class Color implements InkBox{function color(){echo "正在装载彩色墨盒
";echo "实现彩色墨盒
";
    }
}class White implements InkBox{function color(){echo "正在装载黑白墨盒
";    echo "实现黑白墨盒
";
    }
}class A4 implements Paper{function sizes(){echo "正在加载A4纸张
";echo "实现A4纸张
";
    }
}class A5 implements Paper{function sizes(){echo "实现A5纸张
";
    }
}$com=new Computer();//创建对象$com->fangfa(new Color(),new A4());//子类对象Copy after login
 
 

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