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Detailed example of sending emails with pictures and attachments from Django in Python
Detailed example of sending emails with pictures and attachments from Django in Python
本篇文章主要介绍了Python中Django发送带图片和附件的邮件 ，非常具有实用价值，需要的朋友可以参考下。
最近需要做集团的SRC系统。暂无安全研发，所以只能找我这个小菜兼职开发。系统使用Django框架，在整个过程中，有许多奇特的需求。在某项需求中，需要给厂商用户发送富文本邮件，漏洞详情，这个折腾了一下，感觉略有收获，所以记一篇随笔。
首先我在网上搜索了一些资料，发现都是python通过smtplib发送，使用MIME格式来生成富文本邮件：传送门
我想的是，使用Django框架，框架带了邮件模块，没必要引入smtplib吧。我就想，向上文传送门那样，生成一个MIME文件，然后通过
from django.core import mail mail.send_mail
这种方式把MIMEMultipart对象使用as_string()方法生成的文件当做message发出去不就好了吗。呃，有兴趣的可以试一下。。我发出去了一堆字符串。。
好吧，失败了，难道真的要把smtplib引进来？
天无绝人之路，这个时候我看到了一句话：EmailMessage是Django封装好的smtp。哦？还有这回事？好吧，尝试一下看看源码？跳转至message.py
class EmailMessage(object):
"""
A container for email information.
"""
content_subtype = 'plain'
mixed_subtype = 'mixed'
encoding = None # None => use settings default
def __init__(self, subject='', body='', from_email=None, to=None, bcc=None,
connection=None, attachments=None, headers=None, cc=None,
reply_to=None):
"""
Initialize a single email message (which can be sent to multiple
recipients).
All strings used to create the message can be unicode strings
(or UTF-8 bytestrings). The SafeMIMEText class will handle any
necessary encoding conversions.
"""恩！大体知道了用法。
msg = mail.EmailMessage('富文本邮件测试', html, from_mail, recipient_list)
就是这样了。而且看message.py文件
if to:
if isinstance(to, six.string_types):
raise TypeError('"to" argument must be a list or tuple')
self.to = list(to)看到raise的信息，明白了，我们传给他的recipient_list应该是元组或者列表
self.from_email = from_email or settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL
我们传给他的就是Django settings.py文件里配置的邮箱，就是以下格式的：
# email config # 这是我们工程目录下settings文件的配置 EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend' EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'xxxxxxxx' EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'xxxx@xxxx.xxxx' EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.xxxx.com' EMAIL_PORT = port
好，到此为止，我们知道了这个类怎么用。我们看传送门里的代码，挑选比较重要的
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related') msgRoot['Subject'] = subject msgRoot['From'] = strFrom msgRoot['To'] = strTo msgText = MIMEText(plainText, 'plain', 'utf-8') msgAlternative.attach(msgText) #设定HTML信息 msgText = MIMEText(htmlText, 'html', 'utf-8') msgAlternative.attach(msgText)
然后我们对比一下message.py里面的代码：
def message(self):
encoding = self.encoding or settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET
msg = SafeMIMEText(self.body, self.content_subtype, encoding)
msg = self._create_message(msg)
msg['Subject'] = self.subject
msg['From'] = self.extra_headers.get('From', self.from_email)
msg['To'] = self.extra_headers.get('To', ', '.join(map(force_text, self.to)))篇幅所限不粘贴太多，有兴趣可以自己去研读。我们发现，他们是不是很像，其实读完整个message.py我们会发现一件事。原来EmailMessage这个类的对象，可以看做是MIMEMultipart对象加上了smtplib的发送功能。而且它也有attach方法，可以像MIMEMultipart对象那样拼接富文本邮件内容，好，这就有办法了！我们通过EmailMessage来发送富文本邮件！
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# ===============================================================================
# @ Creator：首席小学生
# @ Date:2017-03-28
# 构造富文本邮件内容
# ===============================================================================
import os
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from django.conf import settings
from django.core import mail
def add_img(src, img_id):
"""
在富文本邮件模板里添加图片
:param src:
:param img_id:
:return:
"""
fp = open(src, 'rb')
msg_image = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()
msg_image.add_header('Content-ID', '<'+img_id+'>')
return msg_image
def send_util():
path = os.getcwd()
path_use = path.replace('\\', '/')
html = '''
Title
牛逼呀小伙子，你成功了
'''
recipient_list = ['xxxx@xxxx.com']
from_mail = settings.EMAIL_HOST_USER
msg = mail.EmailMessage('富文本邮件测试', html, from_mail, recipient_list)
msg.content_subtype = 'html'
msg.encoding = 'utf-8'
image = add_img(path_use+'/mail_util/test.png', 'test_cid')
msg.attach(image)
if msg.send():
return True
else:
return False我们在views中设置视图函数，调用上面这些测试方法尝试一下：
from django.shortcuts import render
from html_to_mail import send_util
def send_mail(request):
if send_util():
return render(request, 'ok.html')
else:
return render(request, 'error.html')在urls里面随意配置一个映射指向这个视图函数，把Django工程run起来，直接在浏览器get这个映射。发现邮件发送成功！
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