Detailed example of sending emails with pictures and attachments from Django in Python-Python Tutorial-php.cn

Detailed example of sending emails with pictures and attachments from Django in Python

Y2J

Release： 2017-04-28 09:22:03

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本篇文章主要介绍了Python中Django发送带图片和附件的邮件，非常具有实用价值，需要的朋友可以参考下。

最近需要做集团的SRC系统。暂无安全研发，所以只能找我这个小菜兼职开发。系统使用Django框架，在整个过程中，有许多奇特的需求。在某项需求中，需要给厂商用户发送富文本邮件，漏洞详情，这个折腾了一下，感觉略有收获，所以记一篇随笔。

首先我在网上搜索了一些资料，发现都是python通过smtplib发送，使用MIME格式来生成富文本邮件：传送门

我想的是，使用Django框架，框架带了邮件模块，没必要引入smtplib吧。我就想，向上文传送门那样，生成一个MIME文件，然后通过

 from django.core import mail
 mail.send_mail

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这种方式把MIMEMultipart对象使用as_string()方法生成的文件当做message发出去不就好了吗。呃，有兴趣的可以试一下。。我发出去了一堆字符串。。

好吧，失败了，难道真的要把smtplib引进来？

天无绝人之路，这个时候我看到了一句话：EmailMessage是Django封装好的smtp。哦？还有这回事？好吧，尝试一下看看源码？跳转至message.py

class EmailMessage(object):
  """
  A container for email information.
  """
  content_subtype = &#39;plain&#39;
  mixed_subtype = &#39;mixed&#39;
  encoding = None   # None => use settings default

  def __init__(self, subject=&#39;&#39;, body=&#39;&#39;, from_email=None, to=None, bcc=None,
         connection=None, attachments=None, headers=None, cc=None,
         reply_to=None):
    """
    Initialize a single email message (which can be sent to multiple
    recipients).

    All strings used to create the message can be unicode strings
    (or UTF-8 bytestrings). The SafeMIMEText class will handle any
    necessary encoding conversions.
    """

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恩！大体知道了用法。

 msg = mail.EmailMessage(&#39;富文本邮件测试&#39;, html, from_mail, recipient_list)

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就是这样了。而且看message.py文件

if to:
       if isinstance(to, six.string_types):
        raise TypeError(&#39;"to" argument must be a list or tuple&#39;)
      self.to = list(to)

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看到raise的信息，明白了，我们传给他的recipient_list应该是元组或者列表

self.from_email = from_email or settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL

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我们传给他的就是Django settings.py文件里配置的邮箱，就是以下格式的：

# email config
# 这是我们工程目录下settings文件的配置
EMAIL_BACKEND = &#39;django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend&#39;

EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = &#39;xxxxxxxx&#39;
EMAIL_HOST_USER = &#39;xxxx@xxxx.xxxx&#39;
EMAIL_HOST = &#39;smtp.xxxx.com&#39;
EMAIL_PORT = port

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好，到此为止，我们知道了这个类怎么用。我们看传送门里的代码，挑选比较重要的

msgRoot = MIMEMultipart(&#39;related&#39;)
msgRoot[&#39;Subject&#39;] = subject
msgRoot[&#39;From&#39;] = strFrom
msgRoot[&#39;To&#39;] = strTo
msgText = MIMEText(plainText, &#39;plain&#39;, &#39;utf-8&#39;)
msgAlternative.attach(msgText)

#设定HTML信息
msgText = MIMEText(htmlText, &#39;html&#39;, &#39;utf-8&#39;)
msgAlternative.attach(msgText)

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然后我们对比一下message.py里面的代码：

def message(self):
    encoding = self.encoding or settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET
    msg = SafeMIMEText(self.body, self.content_subtype, encoding)
    msg = self._create_message(msg)
    msg[&#39;Subject&#39;] = self.subject
    msg[&#39;From&#39;] = self.extra_headers.get(&#39;From&#39;, self.from_email)
    msg[&#39;To&#39;] = self.extra_headers.get(&#39;To&#39;, &#39;, &#39;.join(map(force_text, self.to)))

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篇幅所限不粘贴太多，有兴趣可以自己去研读。我们发现，他们是不是很像，其实读完整个message.py我们会发现一件事。原来EmailMessage这个类的对象，可以看做是MIMEMultipart对象加上了smtplib的发送功能。而且它也有attach方法，可以像MIMEMultipart对象那样拼接富文本邮件内容，好，这就有办法了！我们通过EmailMessage来发送富文本邮件！

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# ===============================================================================
# @ Creator：首席小学生
# @ Date:2017-03-28
# 构造富文本邮件内容
# ===============================================================================
import os
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from django.conf import settings
from django.core import mail


def add_img(src, img_id):
  """
  在富文本邮件模板里添加图片
  :param src:
  :param img_id:
  :return:
  """
  fp = open(src, 'rb')
  msg_image = MIMEImage(fp.read())
  fp.close()
  msg_image.add_header('Content-ID', '<'+img_id+'>')
  return msg_image


def send_util():
  path = os.getcwd()
  path_use = path.replace('\\', '/')
  html = '''
  
  
  
    
    Title
  

  
  牛逼呀小伙子，你成功了
  
  
  
  '''
  recipient_list = ['xxxx@xxxx.com']
  from_mail = settings.EMAIL_HOST_USER
  msg = mail.EmailMessage(&#39;富文本邮件测试&#39;, html, from_mail, recipient_list)
  msg.content_subtype = 'html'
  msg.encoding = 'utf-8'
  image = add_img(path_use+'/mail_util/test.png', 'test_cid')
  msg.attach(image)
  if msg.send():
    return True
  else:
    return False

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我们在views中设置视图函数，调用上面这些测试方法尝试一下：

from django.shortcuts import render
from html_to_mail import send_util


def send_mail(request):
  if send_util():
    return render(request, &#39;ok.html&#39;)
  else:
    return render(request, &#39;error.html&#39;)

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在urls里面随意配置一个映射指向这个视图函数，把Django工程run起来，直接在浏览器get这个映射。发现邮件发送成功！

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