Detailed introduction to os, a commonly used module in python

os module is used for python to interact with the operating system.

Commonly used functions are as follows:

os.getcwd() Gets the current working path of the python script.

os.chdir() Modifies the working path of the current script.

os.makedirs('dirname1/dirname2') can generate multi-level recursive directories

os.removedirs('dirname1') If the directory is empty, delete it and recurse to the previous level Directory, if it is also empty, delete it.

os.mkdir() creates a single directory.

os.rmdir() deletes a single directory. If the directory is not empty, it cannot be deleted.

os.listdir() Lists all files or directories in the specified directory, returned in list form.

os.remove() deletes a file.

os.rename(‘oldname’, ‘newname’) can rename files or directories.

os.stat() Get detailed attribute information of a file or directory (for example: file size, uid, gid, inode number, atime, ctime, mtime, etc...)

os.sep is used to obtain the directory separator of the current operating system.

os.linesep is used to obtain the default newline character of the current operating system.

os.pathsep is used to obtain the default path separator of the current operating system and the symbol used to separate each path.

os.name is used to obtain the platform used by the current system. Windows returns ‘nt’; Linux returns ‘posix’.

os.system() directly runs the system command and outputs the result of the command directly to the screen. If the shell command under Linux is executed, the shell can be obtained after the command execution is completed. The execution result of the command (0 is true, non-0 is false).

os.popen() is used to run system commands and can save the results of the command execution to python variables.

os.environ is used to obtain the environment variables in the current operating system.

os.path.split() When the user enters the path of a file, this function in the module will split the path and file name into two parts and return a tuple.

os.path.abspath() In the abspath function, the front end of any file name passed in (even if the file does not exist) will be added to the absolute path of the directory where the python program is located.

For example:

print os.path.abspath('passwd')

>>>/Users/macbook/PycharmProjects/untitled1/pass

os.path.dirname() Returns the directory part of the path. In fact, it is the first element of os.path.split(path).

os.path.basename() returns the file part of the path. In fact, it is the second element of os.path.split(path).

os.path.exists() is used to detect whether the path of a file really exists. If it exists, it returns True, if it does not exist, it returns False.

os.path.isabs() is used to detect whether a path is an absolute path. If it is an absolute path, it returns True. If it is not an absolute path, it returns False.

os.path.isfile() is used to detect whether a file exists. If it exists, it returns True, if it does not exist, it returns False.

os.path.ismount() is used to detect whether a directory is a mount point. If so, it returns True, otherwise it returns False.

os.path.isdir() is used to detect whether a directory exists. If it exists, it returns True, if it does not exist, it returns False.

os.path.islink() is used to detect whether a file is a linked file. It returns True, otherwise it returns False.

os.path.join() is used for path splicing, splicing multiple paths into one path.

os.path.getatime() is used to get the time when the file was last accessed. (Returned as a timestamp.)

os.path.getctime() is used to get the time when the file attribute was last modified. (Returned as a timestamp.)

os.path.getmtime() is used to get the time when the file content was last modified. (Returned as a timestamp.)

os.path.getsize() is used to get the size of the file. (The returned unit is bytes.)

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