CSS transition

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Through transition, web front-end developers can achieve simple animation interaction effects without JavaScript. Transition properties may seem simple, but in fact there are a lot of details to pay attention to and things that can be confusing. This article will introduce and sort out the knowledge about CSS transition

Definition

Transition is a composite property, including transition-property, transition-duration, transition-timing-function , transition-delay these four sub-attributes. A complete transition effect can be completed through the cooperation of these four sub-attributes

transition-property: 过渡属性(默认值为all)
transition-duration: 过渡持续时间(默认值为0s)
transiton-timing-function: 过渡函数(默认值为ease函数)
transition-delay: 过渡延迟时间(默认值为0s)

[Note] IE9-does not support this attribute, safari3 .1-6, IOS3.2-6.1, android2.1-4.3 need to add the -webkit- prefix; while other higher version browsers support the standard writing

.test{
    height: 100px;
    width: 100px;
    background-color: pink;
    transition-duration: 3s;/*     以下三值为默认值，稍后会详细介绍 */
    transition-property: all;
    transition-timing-function: ease;
    transition-delay: 0s;
}    .test:hover{
    width: 500px;
}

<p class="test"></p>

//Move the mouse over the element, and the width change effect will appear

Composite attributes

Of the four sub-attributes of transition, only is a required value and cannot be 0. Among them, and are both times. When two times occur at the same time, the first is , and the second is ; when there is only one time, it is , and is the default value 0

transition: <transition-property> || <transition-duration> || <transition-timing-function> || <transition-delay>

[Note] The four sub-properties of transition cannot be separated by commas, only Separate with spaces. Because the ones separated by commas represent different attributes (the transition attribute supports multi-value, and the multi-value part will be introduced later); and the ones separated by spaces represent four sub-attributes about transition

.test{
    height: 100px;
    width: 100px;
    background-color: pink;/*代表持续时间为2s，延迟时间为默认值0s*/
    transition；2s;}    .test:hover{
    width: 500px;
}

<p class="test"></p>

##

.test{
    height: 100px;
    width: 100px;
    background-color: pink;    /*代表持续时间为1s，延迟时间为2s*/
    transition: 1s 2s;
}    .test:hover{
    width: 500px;
}

<p class="test"></p>

##Transition Properties

transition-property

Value: none | all | [,]*

Initial value: all

Applies to: All elements

Inheritance: None

none: 没有指定任何样式
all: 默认值，表示指定元素所有支持transition-property属性的样式<transition-property>: 可过渡的样式，可用逗号分开写多个样式

Transitible styles

Not all CSS style values ​​can be transitioned, only properties with intermediate values ​​have transition effects

Vstart = 开始值; Vend = 结束值; Vres = 中间值; p = 过渡函数的输出值
Vres = (1 - p) * Vstart + p * Vend
当Vres具有有效值时，则该CSS样式可过渡

颜色: color background-color border-color outline-color
位置: backround-position left right top bottom
长度: 
    [1]max-height min-height max-width min-width height width
    [2]border-width margin padding outline-width outline-offset
    [3]font-size line-height text-indent vertical-align  
    [4]border-spacing letter-spacing word-spacing
数字: opacity visibility z-index font-weight zoom
组合: text-shadow transform box-shadow clip
其他: gradient

Transition duration

The unit of this attribute is seconds or milliseconds ms

transition-duration

Value: [,]*

Initial value: 0s

Applies to: all elements

Inheritance: None

[Note] This attribute cannot be a negative value

[Note] If the attribute is 0s, it is the default value, if it is 0, it is an invalid value . Therefore, the unit must be

[Note] When the value is a single value, all transition attributes correspond to the same time; when the value is multi-value, the transition attributes correspond to the duration in order

//DEMO中的过渡属性值transition-property: width,background;

Transition delay time

This attribute defines how long the element attribute is delayed After the transition effect starts, the unit of this attribute is seconds s or milliseconds ms

transition-delay

Value: [,]*

Initial value: 0s

Applies to: all elements

Inheritance: None

[Note] If this attribute is a negative value, there will be no delay effect, but the start of the transition element will The initial value will change from 0 to the set value (set value = delay time + duration). If the setting value is less than or equal to 0, there will be no transition effect; if the setting value is greater than 0, the transition element will complete the remaining transition effect starting from the setting value

　[Note] If this attribute is 0s It is the default value, if it is 0, it is an invalid value. Therefore, the unit must be

[Note] When the value is a single value, all transition attributes correspond to the same time; when the value is multi-value, the transition attributes correspond to the duration in order

//DEMO中的过渡属性值transition-property: width,background;

Transition time function

The transition time function is used to define the transition of elements The effect of transition speed change of attributes over time

transition-timing-function

Value: [,]*

Initial value: ease

Applies to: all elements

Inheritance: None

Value

There are three values ​​for the transition time function, namely Keywords, steps function and bezier function

steps function

The steps step function divides the transition time into equal-sized time intervals to run

The steps step function is

steps(<integer>[,start | end]?)

<integer>:用来指定间隔个数(该值只能是正整数)
第二个参数: 该参数可选，默认是end，表示开始值保持一次；若参数为start，表示开始不保持

Bezier curve

The Bezier curve is controlled by four control points p0-p3, where p0 represents (0,0) and p3 represents (1 ,1). And is determined by determining the values ​​of p1(x1,y1) and p2(x2,y2)

transition-timing-function: cubic-bezier(x1,y1,x2,y2);

　　[注意]x1,y1,x2,y2都是0到1的值(包括0和1)

关键字

　　关键字其实是bezier函数或steps函数的特殊值

ease: 开始和结束慢，中间快。相当于cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1)
linear: 匀速。相当于cubic-bezier(0,0,1,1)
ease-in: 开始慢。相当于cubic-bezier(0.42,0,1,1)
ease-out: 结束慢。相当于cubic-bezier(0,0,0.58,1)
ease-in-out: 和ease类似，但比ease幅度大。相当于cubic-bezier(0.42,0,0.58,1)
step-start: 直接位于结束处。相当于steps(1,start)
step-end: 位于开始处经过时间间隔后结束。相当于steps(1,end)

多值

　　transition的多个属性值用逗号分隔开表示可以同时为多个值设置过渡属性

transtion: <single-transition>[,<single-transition>]*

<single-transition>: <transition-property> || <transition-duration> || <transition-timing-function> || <transition-delay>

//property为all，timing-function为linear,delay为0s，duration为0s。表示无过渡行为transition: 0s;

【1】若不同的transition-property值，对应的transition-delay | transition-timing-function | transition-duration的属性值都相同时，则对应的这些属性设置一个即可

#test1{
    transition-property: width,background;
    transition-delay: 200ms;
    transition-timing-function: linear;
    transition-duration: 2s;
}/*类似于*/#test2{
    transition: width 2s linear 200ms,background 2s linear 200ms;
}

【2】当transition-property值的个数多于对应的transition-delay | transition-timing-function | transition-duration的属性值(属性值的个数大于1个)时，将按顺序开始取值

#test1{
    transition-property: width,background,opacity;
    transition-duration: 2s,500ms;
    transition-timing-function: linear,ease;
    transition-delay: 200ms,0s;
}/*类似于*/#test2{
    transition: width 2s linear 200ms,background 500ms ease 0s,opacity 2s linear 200ms;
}

【3】当transition-property值的个数少于对应的transition-delay | transition-timing-function | transition-duration的属性值个数时，多余的属性值将无效

#test1{
    transition-property: width;
    transition-duration: 2s,500ms;
    transition-timing-function: linear,ease;
    transition-delay: 200ms,0s;
}/*类似于*/#test2{
    transition: width 2s linear 200ms;
}

【4】当transition-property的值中出现一个无效值，它依然按顺序对应transition的其他属性值(其他属性出现无效值，处理情况也类似)

#test1{
    transition-property: width,wuxiao,background;
    transition-duration: 2s,500ms;
    transition-timing-function: linear,ease;
    transition-delay: 200ms,0s;
}/*类似于*/#test2{
    transition: width 2s linear 200ms,background 2s linear 200ms;
}

【5】当transition-property的值中，有些值重复出现多次，则以最后出现的值为准，前面所有出现的值都被认定为无效值，但依然按顺序对应transition的其他属性值

#test1{
    transition-property: width,width,background;
    transition-duration: 2s,500ms;
    transition-timing-function: linear,ease;
    transition-delay: 200ms,0s;
}/*类似于*/#test2{
    transition: width 500ms ease 0s,background 2s linear 200ms;
}

过渡阶段

【1】过渡开始时间=样式改变的时刻+过渡延迟时间；而过渡结束时间=过渡开始时间+过渡持续时间

【2】过渡起始值=过渡前的过渡属性值；而过渡结束值=过渡完成后的过渡属性值

【3】过渡分为两个阶段：前进(forward)和反向(reverse)。若前进阶段进行一段时间后进入反向阶段，则反向阶段的初始值是前进阶段结束时的瞬时值

【4】以hover为例，若在元素非hover态时设置transition，相当于设置的反向状态。而前进和反向是一致的。而如果在元素hover态设置transition，则前进状态以hover态设置的为准，而反向状态以非hover态设置的为准

.test{
    width: 100px;
    transition: 3s;
}    
.test:hover{
    width: 500px;
    transition: 500ms;
}

【5】如果子元素和父元素过渡属性都一致。若触发子元素过渡时，父元素正在过渡，则将父元素过渡的中间态的值作为子元素过渡的初始值

.box:hover{
    font-size: 50px;
}
.test:hover{
    font-size: 30px;
}

<p class="box">
    <p class="test">test</p>
</p>

【6】若过渡起始值或过渡开始值为auto，则浏览器不会自己计算成具体数字值，而是不发生过渡效果。所以要过渡某些属性，首先需要将其重置成具体数字值

　　[注意]低版本webkit内核浏览器存在bug，会产生反向的过渡效果

.test{
    width: 100px;    -webkit-transition: width 2s;
    transition:width 2s;
}    
.test:hover{
    width:auto;
}

【7】隐式过渡是指一个属性改变时引起另一个属性的改变。如border-width是1em，则font-size改变时，border-width也会相应的改变。firefox和IE浏览器支持隐式过渡。而webkit内核浏览器不支持隐式过渡。

.test{
    border: 1px solid black;    -webkit-transition: font-size 2s;
    transition:font-size 2s;
    font: 20px/100px "宋体";
}    
.test:hover{
    font-size: 40px;
    border-right-width: 1em;
}

触发方式

　　一般地，过渡transition的触发有三种方式，分别是伪类触发、媒体查询触发和javascript触发。其中常用伪类触发包括:hover、:focus、:active等

【1】hover

　　鼠标悬停触发

【2】active

　　用户单击元素并按住鼠标时触发

【3】focus

　　获得焦点时触发

【4】@media触发

　　符合媒体查询条件时触发

/* 把浏览器的宽度拖动到小于1000px时触发 */@media (max-width: 1000px){
    .test{
        width: 500px;
    }
}

【5】点击事件

　　用户点击元素时触发

test.onclick = function(){
    test.style.width = '300px';
    setTimeout(function(){
        test.style.width = '100px';
    },3000);
}

API

　　关于过渡transition的事件只有一个，是transitionend事件，它发生在过渡事件完成后

　　[注意]safari3.1-6、ISO3.2-6.1、android2.1-4.3需要使用webkitTransitionEnd事件

属性

　　transitionEnd的事件对象具有以下3个私有属性　　

　　propertyName：发生transition效果的CSS属性名

　　elapsedTime：代表发生实际效果的持续时间。若完整进行，则返回完整时间；若中途中断，则返回实际时间

　　[注意]该属性具有兼容性问题，chrome返回持续时间加延迟时间，而其他浏览器只返回持续时间

<style>#test{height: 100px;width: 100px;background-color: pink;
    transition: width 1.5s 0.5s;}#test:hover{width: 200px;}</style><p id="test"></p><script>test.addEventListener("transitionend", myFunction);function myFunction(e){
    e = e || event;
    test.innerHTML = &#39;propertyName:&#39; + e.propertyName + &#39;; elapsedTime:&#39; + e.elapsedTime + &#39;; pseudoElement:&#39; + e.pseudoElement;
}</script>

　　 pseudoElement：如果transition效果发生在伪元素，会返回该伪元素的名称，以“::”开头。如果不发生在伪元素上，则返回一个空字符串''

　　[注意]若transition效果发生在伪元素上，IE浏览器将不会触发transitionEnd事件

<style>#test{height: 100px;width: 100px;position: relative;background-color: lightblue;}#test:before{content:&#39;我是伪元素&#39;;position: absolute;height: 100px;width: 100px;background-color: pink;
    left:200px;}#test:hover:before{width: 200px;transition: width 1.5s 0.5s;}</style><p id="test"></p><script>test.addEventListener("transitionend", myFunction);function myFunction(e){
    console.log(event)
    e = e || event;
    test.innerHTML = &#39;propertyName:&#39; + e.propertyName + &#39;; elapsedTime:&#39; + e.elapsedTime + &#39;; pseudoElement:&#39; + e.pseudoElement;
}</script>

注意事项

【1】过渡分为两个阶段：前进阶段和反向阶段。transitionend事件在前进阶段结束时会触发，在反向阶段结束时也会触发

var index = 0;//兼容低版本safari、IOS、androidtest.addEventListener("webkitTransitionEnd", myFunction);// 标准语法test.addEventListener("transitionend", myFunction);function myFunction() {
    index++;    this.innerHTML = index;}

【2】过渡事件触发的次数与transition-property过渡属性的个数有关。过渡属性有几个就会触发几次

    transition: width 1s,background-color 1s;    -webkit-transition: width 1s,background-color 1s;

【3】如果过渡属性是复合属性，如border-width相当于是border-top-width、border-bottom-width、border-left-width和border-right-width这四个属性的集合。则过渡事件触发4次

　　[注意]在低版本webkit内核浏览器里只触发1次

    transition:border-width 1s;    -webkit-transition: border-width 1s;

【4】如果过渡属性是默认值all，则过渡事件的次数是计算后的非复合的过渡属性的个数。如果发生过渡的属性是border-width和width，则经过计算后过渡事件应该触发5次

　　[注意]在低版本webkit内核浏览器中处理情况也一致

.test{
    width: 50px;
    border: 1px solid black;
    transition:all 1s;    -webkit-transition: all 1s;
}    
.test:hover{
    border-width: 10px;
    width: 100px;
}

【5】如果过渡延迟时间为负值，且绝对值大于等于过渡持续时间时，低版本webkit内核浏览器不会产生过渡效果，但会触发过渡事件；而其他浏览器即不会产生过渡效果，也不会触发过渡事件

    transition:width 1s -1s;    -webkit-transition: width 1s -1s;

【6】如果过渡属性存在复合属性及该复合属性包含的非复合属性，则浏览器计算复合属性的子属性时，不会重复计算已包含的属性

　　[注意]低版本webkit内核浏览器会出现bug，不仅复合属性被当作一个属性来触发事件，而且会多触发一次

.test{
    border: 1px solid black;
    transition:border-width 1s,border-left-width 2s;    -webkit-transition: border-width 1s,border-left-width 2s;
}    
.test:hover{
    border-width:10px;
}

　　[注意]当过渡事件执行完后，应及时使用removeEventListener取消绑定，以免对其他效果造成影响

var index = 0;//兼容低版本safari、IOS、androidtest.addEventListener("webkitTransitionEnd", myFunction);// 标准语法test.addEventListener("transitionend", myFunction);function myFunction() {
    index++;    this.innerHTML = index;    if(index == 1){
        test.removeEventListener("webkitTransitionEnd", myFunction);
        test.removeEventListener("transitionend", myFunction);
    }
}

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