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In-depth study of java bytecode framework ASM

高洛峰
Release: 2017-01-23 10:07:48
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一、什么是ASM

ASM是一个java字节码操纵框架,它能被用来动态生成类或者增强既有类的功能。ASM 可以直接产生二进制 class 文件,也可以在类被加载入 Java 虚拟机之前动态改变类行为。Java class 被存储在严格格式定义的 .class文件里,这些类文件拥有足够的元数据来解析类中的所有元素:类名称、方法、属性以及 Java 字节码(指令)。ASM从类文件中读入信息后,能够改变类行为,分析类信息,甚至能够根据用户要求生成新类。

使用ASM框架需要导入asm的jar包,下载链接:asm-3.2.jar。

二、如何使用ASM

ASM框架中的核心类有以下几个:

① ClassReader:该类用来解析编译过的class字节码文件。

② ClassWriter:该类用来重新构建编译后的类,比如说修改类名、属性以及方法,甚至可以生成新的类的字节码文件。

③ ClassAdapter:该类也实现了ClassVisitor接口,它将对它的方法调用委托给另一个ClassVisitor对象。

示例1.通过asm生成类的字节码java 字节码框架 asm

package com.asm3; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter; import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes; /** * 通过asm生成类的字节码 * @author Administrator * */ public class GeneratorClass { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { //生成一个类只需要ClassWriter组件即可 ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(0); //通过visit方法确定类的头部信息 cw.visit(Opcodes.V1_5, Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_ABSTRACT+Opcodes.ACC_INTERFACE, "com/asm3/Comparable", null, "java/lang/Object", new String[]{"com/asm3/Mesurable"}); //定义类的属性 cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, "LESS", "I", null, new Integer(-1)).visitEnd(); cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, "EQUAL", "I", null, new Integer(0)).visitEnd(); cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, "GREATER", "I", null, new Integer(1)).visitEnd(); //定义类的方法 cw.visitMethod(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_ABSTRACT, "compareTo", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)I", null, null).visitEnd(); cw.visitEnd(); //使cw类已经完成 //将cw转换成字节数组写到文件里面去 byte[] data = cw.toByteArray(); File file = new File("D://Comparable.class"); FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(file); fout.write(data); fout.close(); } }
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生成一个类的字节码文件只需要用到ClassWriter类即可,生成Comparable.class后用javap指令对其进行反编译:javap -c Comparable.class >test.txt ,编译后的结果如下:

public interface com.asm3.Comparable extends com.asm3.Mesurable { public static final int LESS; public static final int EQUAL; public static final int GREATER; public abstract int compareTo(java.lang.Object); }
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注:一个编译后的java类不包含package和import段,因此在class文件中所有的类型都使用的是全路径。

示例2.修改类的字节码文件

C.java

package com.asm5; public class C { public void m() throws InterruptedException{ Thread.sleep(100); } }
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将C.java类的内容改为如下:

package com.asm5; public class C { public static long timer; public void m() throws InterruptedException{ timer -= System.currentTimeMillis(); Thread.sleep(100); timer += System.currentTimeMillis(); } }
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为了弄清楚ASM是如何实现的,我们先编译这两个类,然后比对它们的TraceClassVisitor的输出,我们可以发现如下的不同(粗体表示)

GETSTATIC C.timer : J

INVOKESTATIC java/lang/System.currentTimilis()J

LSUB

PUTSTATIC C.timer : J

LDC 100

INVOKESTATIC java/lang/Thread.sleep(J)V

GETSTATIC C.timer : J

INVOKESTATIC java/lang/System.currentTimilis()J

LADD

PUTSTATIC C.timer : J

RETURN

MAXSTACK=4

MAXLOCALS=1

通过比对上面的指令,我们可以发现必须在m()方法的最前面增加四条指令,在RETURN指令前也增加四条指令,同时这四条必须位于xRETURN和ATHROW之前,因为这些指令都会结束方法的执行。

具体代码如下:

AddTimeClassAdapter.java

package com.asm5; import org.objectweb.asm.ClassAdapter; import org.objectweb.asm.ClassVisitor; import org.objectweb.asm.FieldVisitor; import org.objectweb.asm.MethodAdapter; import org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor; import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes; public class AddTimeClassAdapter extends ClassAdapter { private String owner; private boolean isInterface; public AddTimeClassAdapter(ClassVisitor cv) { super(cv); } @Override public void visit(int version, int access, String name, String signature, String superName, String[] interfaces) { cv.visit(version, access, name, signature, superName, interfaces); owner = name; isInterface = (access & Opcodes.ACC_INTERFACE) != 0; } @Override public MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String desc, String signature, String[] exceptions) { MethodVisitor mv = cv.visitMethod(access, name, desc, signature, exceptions); if(!name.equals("") && !isInterface && mv!=null){ //为方法添加计时功能 mv = new AddTimeMethodAdapter(mv); } return mv; } @Override public void visitEnd() { //添加字段 if(!isInterface){ FieldVisitor fv = cv.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, "timer", "J", null, null); if(fv!=null){ fv.visitEnd(); } } cv.visitEnd(); } class AddTimeMethodAdapter extends MethodAdapter{ public AddTimeMethodAdapter(MethodVisitor mv) { super(mv); } @Override public void visitCode() { mv.visitCode(); mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J"); mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J"); mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.LSUB); mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.PUTSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J"); } @Override public void visitInsn(int opcode) { if((opcode>=Opcodes.IRETURN && opcode<=Opcodes.RETURN) || opcode==Opcodes.ATHROW){ mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J"); mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J"); mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.LADD); mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.PUTSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J"); } mv.visitInsn(opcode); } @Override public void visitMaxs(int maxStack, int maxLocal) { mv.visitMaxs(maxStack+4, maxLocal); } } }
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Generator.java

package com.asm5; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import org.objectweb.asm.ClassAdapter; import org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader; import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter; public class Generator { public static void main(String[] args){ try { ClassReader cr = new ClassReader("com/asm5/C"); ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS); ClassAdapter classAdapter = new AddTimeClassAdapter(cw); //使给定的访问者访问Java类的ClassReader cr.accept(classAdapter, ClassReader.SKIP_DEBUG); byte[] data = cw.toByteArray(); File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\\WebRoot\\WEB-INF\\classes\\com\\asm5\\C.class"); FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(file); fout.write(data); fout.close(); System.out.println("success!"); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
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下面是一个测试类:

package com.asm5; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException { C c = new C(); c.m(); Class cc = c.getClass(); System.out.println(cc.getField("timer").get(c)); } }
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输出结果为:100

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流。

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