PHP object-oriented learning parent::keyword
前言
最近在做THINKPHP开发项目中,用到了 parent:: 关键字,实际上 parent::关键字 是PHP中常要用到的一个功能,这不仅仅是在 THINKPHP 项目开发中,即使是一个小型的企业站点,也会有许多相同的function功能,我们可以封装成一个父类 class,然后多个子类直接继承公共部分父类。
PHP5中使用parent::来引用父类的方法。
parent:: 可用于调用父类中定义的成员方法。
parent::的追溯不仅于直接父类。
通过parent::调用父类方法
<!-- 声明一个员工类,经理类继承自员工类 -->
<?
class employee{
protected $sal=3000;
public function getSal(){
$this->sal = $this->sal + 1200;
return $this->sal ;
}
}
class Manager extends employee {
//如果想让经理在员工工资的基础上多发1500元.
//必须先调用父类的getSal()方法.
public function getSal(){
parent::getSal();// 这里调用了父类的方法.
$this->sal = $this->sal + 1500;
return $this->sal ;
}
}
$emp = new employee();
echo "普通员工的工资是 " . $emp->getSal();
echo "<br>";
//xiariboke.com
$manager = new Manager();
echo "经理的工资是: " . $manager->getSal();
?>
程序运行结果:
普通员工的工资是 4200
经理的工资是: 5700
父类的private属性
这个东西解释起来十分的不爽。
Private属性是不能被继承的,如果父类有私有的属性。那么父类的方法只为父类的私有属性服务。
下面的例子看起来很奇怪,在子类中重新定义了一个属性$sal,系统却返回了父类的属性。
<?php
class employee{
private $sal=3000;
//protected $sal=3000;
public function getSal(){
return $this->sal;
}
}
class Manager extends employee {
protected $sal=5000;
public function getParentSal(){
//这里返回的是父类的private属性.
return parent::getSal();
}
}
$manager = new Manager();
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>";
echo $manager->getSal();
echo "<br>";
echo "parent's \$sal ".$manager->getParentSal();
//xiariboke.com
?>程序运行结果:
PHP 5.2.9
3000
parent's $sal 3000
如果父类中的属性被子类重写了。结果是这样的。注意 第5行的属性定义变成了protected。
<?php
class employee{
//private $sal=3000;
protected $sal=3000;
public function getSal(){
return $this->sal;
}
}
class Manager extends employee {
protected $sal=5000;
//xiariboke.com
public function getParentSal(){
//这里返回的是父类的private属性.
return parent::getSal();
}
}
$manager = new Manager();
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>";
echo $manager->getSal();
echo "<br>";
echo "parent's \$sal ".$manager->getParentSal();
?>程序运行结果:
PHP 5.2.9
5000
parent's $sal 5000
子类中重写的方法对当前private有效。
<?php
class employee{
private $sal=3000;
public function getSal(){
return $this->sal;
}
}
class Manager extends employee {
private $sal=5000;
//重写过的方法
public function getSal(){
return $this->sal;
}
public function getParentSal(){
//这里返回的是父类的private属性.
return parent::getSal();
}
}
$manager = new Manager();
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>";
echo $manager->getSal();
echo "<br>";
echo "parent's \$sal ".$manager->getParentSal();
?>程序运行结果:
PHP 5.2.9
5000
parent's $sal 3000
打开zend调试状态看看,内存中的情况。注意最下面,有两个$sal 。分别是 3000 和 5000 。
<?php
class employee{
private $sal=3000;
public function getSal(){
return $this->sal;
}
}
class Manager extends employee {
protected $sal=5000;
public function getParentSal(){
return $this->sal;
}
}
$manager = new Manager();
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>";
echo $manager->getSal();
?>程序运行结果:
PHP 5.2.9
3000
将父类的属性$sal 改成 protected ,子类重写了父类的属性。在内存中只有一个 $sal 。
<?php
class employee{
protected $sal=3000;
public function getSal(){
return $this->sal;
}
}
class Manager extends employee {
protected $sal=5000;
public function getParentSal(){
return $this->sal;
}
}
$manager = new Manager();
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>";
echo $manager->getSal();
?>程序运行结果:
PHP 5.2.9
5000
如果你学过java,你会觉得这一切都是很难理解的。
在Java中当子类被创建时,父类的属性和方法在内存中都被创建,甚至构造函数也要被调用。
PHP5不是这样,PHP5调用父类用的是parent:: 而不是 parent-> ,这足以说明PHP5不想在内存中让父类也被创建。PHP5想让继承变的比Java更简单。
适应下就好。
这样调用会让PHP5.1.1溢出。新版不知道有没有问题。
<?php
class employee{
private $sal=3000;
public function getSal(){
return parent::$this->sal;
}
}
class Manager extends employee {
protected $sal=5000;
public function getSal(){
return parent::$this->getSal();
}
}
$manager = new Manager();
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>";
echo $manager->getSal();
?>第12行改成这样就好了。注意比较。
return parent:: getSal();
这样的代码引起了递归操作,子类调用父类的方法,父类又调用子类方法。
return parent::$this->getSal();
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流。
更多PHP面向对象学习之parent::关键字相关文章请关注PHP中文网!
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