There are quite a lot of resources on the Internet about the principles of binary search trees, and the situation is a bit complicated, so I won’t explain it here, just go to the code:
#bst.php 文件 key = $key; $this->parent = NULL; $this->left = NULL; $this->right = NULL; } } //二叉搜索树 class Bst { public $root; /** * 初始化树结构 * @param $arr 初始化树结构的数组 * @return null */ public function init($arr) { $this->root = new Node($arr[0]); for ($i = 1; $i < count($arr); $i++) { $this->Insert($arr[$i]); } } /** * (对内)中序遍历 * @param $root (树或子树的)根节点 * @return null */ private function mid_order($root) { if ($root != NULL) { $this->mid_order($root->left); echo $root->key . " "; $this->mid_order($root->right); } } /** * (对外)中序遍历 * @param null * @return null */ public function MidOrder() { $this->mid_order($this->root); } /** * 查找树中是否存在$key对应的节点 * @param $key 待搜索数字 * @return $key对应的节点 */ function search($key) { $current = $this->root; while ($current != NULL) { if ($current->key == $key) { return $current; } elseif ($current->key > $key) { $current = $current->left; } else { $current = $current->right; } } return $current; } /** * 查找树中的最小关键字 * @param $root 根节点 * @return 最小关键字对应的节点 */ function search_min($root) { $current = $root; while ($current->left != NULL) { $current = $current->left; } return $current; } /** * 查找树中的最大关键字 * @param $root 根节点 * @return 最大关键字对应的节点 */ function search_max($root) { $current = $root; while ($current->right != NULL) { $current = $current->right; } return $current; } /** * 查找某个$key在中序遍历时的直接前驱节点 * @param $x 待查找前驱节点的节点引用 * @return 前驱节点引用 */ function predecessor($x) { //左子节点存在,直接返回左子节点的最右子节点 if ($x->left != NULL) { return $this->search_max($x->left); } //否则查找其父节点,直到当前结点位于父节点的右边 $p = $x->parent; //如果x是p的左孩子,说明p是x的后继,我们需要找的是p是x的前驱 while ($p != NULL && $x == $p->left) { $x = $p; $p = $p->parent; } return $p; } /** * 查找某个$key在中序遍历时的直接后继节点 * @param $x 待查找后继节点的节点引用 * @return 后继节点引用 */ function successor($x) { if ($x->left != NULL) { return $this->search_min($x->right); } $p = $x->parent; while ($p != NULL && $x == $p->right) { $x = $p; $p = $p->parent; } return $p; } /** * 将$key插入树中 * @param $key 待插入树的数字 * @return null */ function Insert($key) { if (!is_null($this->search($key))) { throw new Exception('结点' . $key . '已存在,不可插入!'); } $root = $this->root; $inode = new Node($key); $current = $root; $prenode = NULL; //为$inode找到合适的插入位置 while ($current != NULL) { $prenode = $current; if ($current->key > $inode->key) { $current = $current->left; } else { $current = $current->right; } } $inode->parent = $prenode; //如果$prenode == NULL, 则证明树是空树 if ($prenode == NULL) { $this->root = $inode; } else { if ($inode->key < $prenode->key) { $prenode->left = $inode; } else { $prenode->right = $inode; } } //return $root; } /** * 在树中删除$key对应的节点 * @param $key 待删除节点的数字 * @return null */ function Delete($key) { if (is_null($this->search($key))) { throw new Exception('结点' . $key . "不存在,删除失败!"); } $root = $this->root; $dnode = $this->search($key); if ($dnode->left == NULL || $dnode->right == NULL) { #如果待删除结点无子节点或只有一个子节点,则c = dnode $c = $dnode; } else { #如果待删除结点有两个子节点,c置为dnode的直接后继,以待最后将待删除结点的值换为其后继的值 $c = $this->successor($dnode); } //无论前面情况如何,到最后c只剩下一边子结点 if ($c->left != NULL) { $s = $c->left; } else { $s = $c->right; } if ($s != NULL) { #将c的子节点的父母结点置为c的父母结点,此处c只可能有1个子节点,因为如果c有两个子节点,则c不可能是dnode的直接后继 $s->parent = $c->parent; } if ($c->parent == NULL) { #如果c的父母为空,说明c=dnode是根节点,删除根节点后直接将根节点置为根节点的子节点, 此处dnode是根节点,且拥有两个子节点,则c是dnode的后继结点,c的父母就不会为空,就不会进入这个if $this->root = $s; } else if ($c == $c->parent->left) { #如果c是其父节点的左右子节点,则将c父母的左右子节点置为c的左右子节点 $c->parent->left = $s; } else { $c->parent->right = $s; } #如果c!=dnode,说明c是dnode的后继结点,交换c和dnode的key值 if ($c != $dnode) { $dnode->key = $c->key; } #返回根节点 // return $root; } /** * (对内)获取树的深度 * @param $root 根节点 * @return 树的深度 */ private function getdepth($root) { if ($root == NULL) { return 0; } $dl = $this->getdepth($root->left); $dr = $this->getdepth($root->right); return ($dl > $dr ? $dl : $dr) + 1; } /** * (对外)获取树的深度 * @param null * @return null */ public function Depth() { return $this->getdepth($this->root); } }
You guys when debugging You can call in-order traversal to do it. In my last blog, I provided a binary tree graphical implementation in PHP. With visual help, we can better help us debug. For details, you can visit my last blog. : "Using PHP to realize the graphical display of binary trees"
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