Introduction
The Netstat command is used to display various network-related information, such as network connections, routing tables, interface status (Interface Statistics), masquerade connections, multicast memberships (Multicast Memberships), etc.
Output information meaning
After executing netstat, the output result is
Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 2 210.34.6.89:telnet 210.34.6.96:2873 ESTABLISHED tcp 296 0 210.34.6.89:1165 210.34.6.84:netbios-ssn ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 localhost.localdom:9001 localhost.localdom:1162 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 localhost.localdom:1162 localhost.localdom:9001 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 80 210.34.6.89:1161 210.34.6.10:netbios-ssn CLOSE Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 1 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 16178 @000000dd unix 1 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 16176 @000000dc unix 9 [ ] DGRAM 5292 /dev/log unix 1 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 16182 @000000df
On the whole, the output result of netstat can be divided into two parts:
One is Active Internet connections, called active TCP connections, where "Recv-Q" and "Send-Q" refer to %0A's receive queue and send queue. These numbers should generally be 0. If not it means packages are piling up in the queue. This situation can only be seen in very rare cases.
The other is Active UNIX domain sockets, called active Unix domain sockets (the same as network sockets, but can only be used for local communication, and the performance can be doubled).
Proto displays the protocol used for the connection, RefCnt represents the process number connected to this socket, Types displays the type of the socket, State displays the current status of the socket, and Path represents the path name used by other processes connected to the socket.
Common parameters
-a (all) displays all options, LISTEN-related are not displayed by default
-t (tcp) only displays tcp-related options
-u (udp) only displays udp-related options
-n refuses to display aliases, can All displayed numbers are converted into numbers.
-l only lists the service status in Listen (listening)
-p displays the name of the program that established the relevant link
-r displays routing information, routing table
-e displays extended information, such as uid, etc.
-s press each Protocol statistics
-c Execute the netstat command at regular intervals.
Tips: The status of LISTEN and LISTENING can only be seen with -a or -l
Practical command examples
1. List all ports (including listening and unlistening ones)
List all ports netstat -a
# netstat -a | more Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:* Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6135 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5140 /var/run/acpid.socket
List all tcp ports netstat -at
# netstat -at Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
List all udp ports netstat -au
# netstat -au Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:* udp 0 0 *:49119 *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
2. List all listening Sockets
Show only the listening ports netstat -l
# netstat -l Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN udp 0 0 *:49119 *:*
Only list all listening tcp ports netstat -lt
# netstat -lt Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
Only list all listening udp ports netstat -lu
# netstat -lu Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 *:49119 *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
Only list all listening UNIX ports netstat -lx
# netstat -lx Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6294 private/maildrop unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6203 public/cleanup unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6302 private/ifmail unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6306 private/bsmtp
3. Display statistics for each protocol
Display statistics for all ports netstat -s
# netstat -s Ip: total packets received with invalid addresses forwarded incoming packets discarded incoming packets delivered requests sent out Icmp: ICMP messages received input ICMP message failed. Tcp: active connections openings failed connection attempts connection resets received Udp: packets received packets to unknown port received. .....
Display statistics for TCP or UDP ports netstat -st or -su
# netstat -st # netstat -su
4. Display PID and process name in netstat output netstat -p
netstat -p can be used with Used together with other switches, you can add "PID/process name" to the netstat output, so that you can easily discover programs running on specific ports during debugging.
# netstat -pt Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 1 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:47212 192.168.185.75:www CLOSE_WAIT 2109/firefox tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:52750 lax:www ESTABLISHED 2109/firefox
5. Don’t show host, port and username (host, port or user) in netstat output
When you don’t want host, port and username to be displayed, use netstat -n. Numbers will be used in place of those names.
It can also speed up the output because there is no need to perform comparison queries.
# netstat -an
If you just don’t want one of these three names to be displayed, use the following command
# netsat -a --numeric-ports # netsat -a --numeric-hosts # netsat -a --numeric-users
6. 持续输出 netstat 信息
netstat 将每隔一秒输出网络信息。
# netstat -c Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:36130 101-101-181-225.ama:www ESTABLISHED tcp 1 1 ramesh-laptop.loc:52564 101.11.169.230:www CLOSING tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:43758 server-101-101-43-2:www ESTABLISHED tcp 1 1 ramesh-laptop.loc:42367 101.101.34.101:www CLOSING ^C
7. 显示系统不支持的地址族 (Address Families)
netstat --verbose
在输出的末尾，会有如下的信息
netstat: no support for `AF IPX' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF AX25' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF X25' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF NETROM' on this system.
8. 显示核心路由信息 netstat -r
# netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 default 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2
注意： 使用 netstat -rn 显示数字格式，不查询主机名称。
9. 找出程序运行的端口
并不是所有的进程都能找到，没有权限的会不显示，使用 root 权限查看所有的信息。
# netstat -ap | grep ssh tcp 1 0 dev-db:ssh 101.174.100.22:39213 CLOSE_WAIT - tcp 1 0 dev-db:ssh 101.174.100.22:57643 CLOSE_WAIT -
找出运行在指定端口的进程
# netstat -an | grep ':80'
10. 显示网络接口列表
# netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMU eth2 1500 0 26196 0 0 0 26883 6 0 0 BMRU lo 16436 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 LRU
显示详细信息，像是 ifconfig 使用 netstat -ie:
# netstat -ie Kernel Interface table eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:10:40:11:11:11 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Memory:f6ae0000-f6b00000
11. IP和TCP分析
查看连接某服务端口最多的的IP地址
wss8848@ubuntu:~$ netstat -nat | grep "192.168.1.15:22" |awk '{print $5}'|awk -F: '{print $1}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -20
221.136.168.36
154.74.45.242
78.173.31.236
62.183.207.98
192.168.1.14
182.48.111.215
124.193.219.34
119.145.41.2
114.255.41.30
75.102.11.99TCP各种状态列表
wss8848@ubuntu:~$ netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}'
established)
Foreign
LISTEN
TIME_WAIT
ESTABLISHED
TIME_WAIT
SYN_SENT 先把状态全都取出来,然后使用uniq -c统计，之后再进行排序。
wss8848@ubuntu:~$ netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}'|sort|uniq -c
ESTABLISHED
FIN_WAIT1
Foreign
LAST_ACK
LISTEN
SYN_SENT
TIME_WAIT
established)最后的命令如下:
netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn
分析access.log获得访问前10位的ip地址
awk '{print $1}' access.log |sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -10
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