python implementation of naive bayes algorithm-Python Tutorial-php.cn

Advantages and disadvantages of the algorithm

Advantages: Still effective when there is less data, can handle multi-category problems

Disadvantages: Sensitive to the preparation method of input data

Applicable data type: nominal data

Algorithm idea:

Naive Bayes

For example, if we want to determine whether an email is spam, then what we know is the distribution of words in the email, then we also need to know: how many occurrences of certain words in spam emails, then we can Obtained using Bayes' theorem.

An assumption in the Naive Bayes classifier is that each feature is equally important

Bayesian classification is the general term for a class of classification algorithms. This type of algorithm is based on Bayes’ theorem, so it is collectively called Bayesian. Classification.

Function

loadDataSet()

Create a data set. The data set here is a sentence composed of words that have been split, which represents user comments on a forum. Label 1 means that this is a curse

createVocabList(dataSet )

Find out how many words there are in these sentences to determine the size of our word vector

setOfWords2Vec(vocabList, inputSet)

Convert the sentences into vectors based on the words in them. The Bernoulli model is used here, that is Only consider whether the word exists

bagOfWords2VecMN(vocabList, inputSet)

This is another model that converts sentences into vectors, a polynomial model, considering the number of occurrences of a certain word

trainNB0(trainMatrix, trainCatergory)

calculation P(i) and P(w[i]|C[1]) and P(w[i]|C[0]), there are two tricks here. One is that the starting numerator and denominator are not all initialized to 0 in order to To prevent the probability of one of them from being 0 and causing the whole to be 0, the other is to use the multiplication logarithm later to prevent the result from being 0 due to accuracy issues

classifyNB(vec2Classify, p0Vec, p1Vec, pClass1)

Calculate this vector according to the Bayesian formula. Which of the two sets has a higher probability

#coding=utf-8 from numpy import * def loadDataSet(): postingList=[['my', 'dog', 'has', 'flea', 'problems', 'help', 'please'], ['maybe', 'not', 'take', 'him', 'to', 'dog', 'park', 'stupid'], ['my', 'dalmation', 'is', 'so', 'cute', 'I', 'love', 'him'], ['stop', 'posting', 'stupid', 'worthless', 'garbage'], ['mr', 'licks', 'ate', 'my', 'steak', 'how', 'to', 'stop', 'him'], ['quit', 'buying', 'worthless', 'dog', 'food', 'stupid']] classVec = [0,1,0,1,0,1] #1 is abusive, 0 not return postingList,classVec #创建一个带有所有单词的列表 def createVocabList(dataSet): vocabSet = set([]) for document in dataSet: vocabSet = vocabSet | set(document) return list(vocabSet) def setOfWords2Vec(vocabList, inputSet): retVocabList = [0] * len(vocabList) for word in inputSet: if word in vocabList: retVocabList[vocabList.index(word)] = 1 else: print 'word ',word ,'not in dict' return retVocabList #另一种模型 def bagOfWords2VecMN(vocabList, inputSet): returnVec = [0]*len(vocabList) for word in inputSet: if word in vocabList: returnVec[vocabList.index(word)] += 1 return returnVec def trainNB0(trainMatrix,trainCatergory): numTrainDoc = len(trainMatrix) numWords = len(trainMatrix[0]) pAbusive = sum(trainCatergory)/float(numTrainDoc) #防止多个概率的成绩当中的一个为0 p0Num = ones(numWords) p1Num = ones(numWords) p0Denom = 2.0 p1Denom = 2.0 for i in range(numTrainDoc): if trainCatergory[i] == 1: p1Num +=trainMatrix[i] p1Denom += sum(trainMatrix[i]) else: p0Num +=trainMatrix[i] p0Denom += sum(trainMatrix[i]) p1Vect = log(p1Num/p1Denom)#处于精度的考虑，否则很可能到限归零 p0Vect = log(p0Num/p0Denom) return p0Vect,p1Vect,pAbusive def classifyNB(vec2Classify, p0Vec, p1Vec, pClass1): p1 = sum(vec2Classify * p1Vec) + log(pClass1) #element-wise mult p0 = sum(vec2Classify * p0Vec) + log(1.0 - pClass1) if p1 > p0: return 1 else: return 0 def testingNB(): listOPosts,listClasses = loadDataSet() myVocabList = createVocabList(listOPosts) trainMat=[] for postinDoc in listOPosts: trainMat.append(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, postinDoc)) p0V,p1V,pAb = trainNB0(array(trainMat),array(listClasses)) testEntry = ['love', 'my', 'dalmation'] thisDoc = array(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, testEntry)) print testEntry,'classified as: ',classifyNB(thisDoc,p0V,p1V,pAb) testEntry = ['stupid', 'garbage'] thisDoc = array(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, testEntry)) print testEntry,'classified as: ',classifyNB(thisDoc,p0V,p1V,pAb) def main(): testingNB() if __name__ == '__main__': main()

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