How do I delete data from the database using Yii models?
When deleting data in Yii, you should select the appropriate method according to the scene. To delete a single record, you must first use findOne() or find()->where(...)->one() to load the model, and then call the delete() method, such as $model = Post::findOne(123); if ($model !== null) { $model->delete(); }; this method will trigger the beforeDelete and afterDelete events. To delete multiple records, use Post::deleteAll(['author_id' => 456]) or Post::deleteAll('created_at '2020-01-01']), but this method does not trigger a model event. For soft deletion, filtering can be done by adding the is_deleted field and adding ->andWhere(['is_deleted' => false]) in the query and by updating the field value instead of the actual deletion. In addition, be sure to confirm the accuracy of the condition when using deleteAll(), ensure foreign key constraints when processing associated data, and pay attention to event-triggered differences.
In Yii, deleting data using models is straightforward, but it's important to understand the right way to do it depending on your use case. The main idea is that you can either delete a single record or multiple records, and there are different methods for each.
Deleting a Single Record
To delete a single record, you first need to load the model with the data you want to delete. This is usually done using findOne() or find()->where(...)->one() . Once you have the model instance, you can call the delete() method on it.
For example:
$model = Post::findOne(123);
if ($model !== null) {
$model->delete();
} This will remove the record with the primary key 123 from the Post model. Make sure to check if the model exists before calling delete() to avoid errors.
Also, keep in mind that this method triggers any beforeDelete and afterDelete events defined in your model. These are useful if you need to perform cleanup tasks or logging before or after deletion.
Deleting Multiple Records
If you want to delete more than one record at once, you can use the deleteAll() method. This method accepts conditions similar to find()->where() and deletes all matching records directly from the database.
Here's how you might delete all posts by a specific author:
Post::deleteAll(['author_id' => 456]);
You can also pass more complex conditions:
Post::deleteAll('created_at < :date', [':date' => '2020-01-01']);
Unlike delete() , the deleteAll() method does not trigger beforeDelete or afterDelete events. So if your model relies on those for cleanup logic, they won't run here. Use this method carefully, especially when dealing with large datasets.
Soft Deletion (Optional but Common)
Sometimes you don't want to permanently delete data but just mark it as deleted. This is called soft deletion. Yii doesn't handle this automatically, but you can implement it easily by adding a column like is_deleted or deleted_at .
You would then filter out soft-deleted records using a query condition:
// In your model
public static function find()
{
return parent::find()->andWhere(['is_deleted' => false]);
} Then, instead of calling delete() , you update the flag:
$model->is_deleted = true; $model->save(false); // skip validation if appropriate
This approach helps prevent accidental loss of data and allow recovery if needed.
A Few Things to Watch Out For
- Always double-check your conditions when using
deleteAll()— a typo could wipe out more data than intended. - If you're working with relational data, make sure related records are handled properly — Yii won't automatically manage foreign key constraints unless your database does.
- Be cautious with event triggers:
delete()runs them,deleteAll()does not.
Basically that's it.
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