python connect to mysql example
The common way to connect to MySQL in Python is to use the PyMySQL library; first install the dependencies through pip install pymysql; then use the pymysql.connect() method to pass in host, user, password, database and other parameters to establish a connection; when operating the database, use the with connection.cursor() to execute SQL statements, use cursor.fetchall() or fetchone() to obtain the results, and write operations such as insertion and update require calling connection.commit() to submit transactions; finally be sure to call connection.close() to close the connection or automatically release resources using the context manager; it is recommended to use %s placeholder to prevent SQL injection; high concurrency scenarios can use connection pools to optimize performance; the complete steps are: 1. Install pymysql; 2. Establish a connection and pass it into the database configuration; 3. Use cursors to execute SQL; 4. Submit transactions (write operations); 5. Close the connection; the above process ensures safe and stable operation of the MySQL database.
Python The common way to connect to MySQL is to use two third-party libraries, PyMySQL or mysql-connector-python . The following is a simple and practical example of connecting and operating MySQL using PyMySQL as an example.
✅ Installation dependencies
First install PyMySQL (if not installed):
pip install pymysql
? Basic connection example
import pymysql
# Create a database connection connection = pymysql.connect(
host='localhost', # database host address user='your_username', # database username password='your_password', # database password database='your_database', # database name to be connected to port=3306, # port, default 3306
charset='utf8mb4' # It is recommended to use utf8mb4 to support emoji
)
try:
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
# Execute SQL query sql = "SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 5"
cursor.execute(sql)
# Get the query result = cursor.fetchall()
for row in result:
print(row)
# If it is a write operation (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE), a transaction needs to be submitted # connection.commit()
Finally:
# Close the database connection.close()? Common operation examples
1. Insert data
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
sql = "INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (%s, %s)"
cursor.execute(sql, ('Alice', 'alice@example.com'))
# Remember to submit connection.commit()2. Query a single record
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
sql = "SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE name = %s"
cursor.execute(sql, ('Alice',))
result = cursor.fetchone()
print(result) # Output such as: (1, 'Alice')3. Update data
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
sql = "UPDATE users SET email = %s WHERE name = %s"
cursor.execute(sql, ('new_email@example.com', 'Alice'))
connection.commit()?️ Best Practice Recommendations
- Use
withto manage cursors and close automatically. -
connection.commit()must be called after the write operation. - Use
%splaceholder to prevent SQL injection and do not splice strings. - Remember
close()after the connection is complete, or use the context manager.
? Use connection pool (optional advanced)
For high concurrency scenarios, it is recommended to use DBUtils connection pool to avoid frequent connection creation.
Basically that's it. Just replace the database information with your own, and the above code can be run directly. Not complicated, but it is easy to ignore commit and exception handling.
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