How to create a custom validation rule in Laravel?
There are three main ways to create custom verification rules in Laravel, suitable for different scenarios. 1. Use the Rule class to create reusable verification logic: generate the class through php artisan make:rule ValidPhoneNumber, and introduce and use it in the controller, suitable for complex and reusable situations; 2. Use closures in the verification rules: directly write one-time verification logic in the validate method, such as checking the length of the username, suitable for simple and only once-using scenarios; 3. Add custom rules in Form Request: Add closures or introduce Rule classes in the rules() method of form requests, which are clear and easy to manage; in addition, you can customize the error prompt field name through the attributes() method to improve user experience.
Creating custom verification rules in Laravel is not difficult, the key is to understand its verification mechanism and extension methods. The most common method is to create a rule class through make:rule command, or to verify it directly in the form request or controller.
Below are several methods you may use in actual development, suitable for different scenarios.
Use the Rule class to create reusable verification logic
Creating a Rule class is the best choice when you need to use the same verification logic in multiple places.
- Generate Rule class:
php artisan make:rule ValidPhoneNumber
This will generate a new class in app/Rules directory.
- Edit this class, such as verifying whether a mobile phone number meets the format:
namespace App\Rules;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Rule;
class ValidPhoneNumber implements Rule
{
public function passes($attribute, $value)
{
// Simple example: Verify whether it is an 11-digit number return preg_match('/^\d{11}$/', $value);
}
public function message()
{
return 'Please enter a valid mobile phone number. ';
}
}- Use it in the controller:
use App\Rules\ValidPhoneNumber;
$request->validate([
'phone' => ['required', new ValidPhoneNumber],
]);This method is suitable for situations where logic is relatively complex and needs to be reused.
Use Closure in Verification Rules (Closure)
If you just use it once in a specific place and don't want to create a separate class, you can directly use closures to write the verification logic.
$request->validate([
'username' => ['required', function ($attribute, $value, $fail) {
if (strlen($value) < 5) {
$fail('The username requires at least 5 characters.');
}
}],
]);This method is fast to write and is suitable for one-time verification, but is not conducive to reuse and maintenance.
Add custom rules in Form Request
If you are using Form Request, you can add custom rules to it.
- Generate a Form Request:
php artisan make:request StoreUserRequest
- Add custom validation to
rules()method:
public function rules()
{
Return [
'email' => 'required|email',
'phone' => [ 'required', function ($attribute, $value, $fail) {
if (!preg_match('/^\d{11}$/', $value)) {
$fail('Please enter a valid mobile phone number');
}
}],
];
}Or you can also introduce Rule class here to make the structure clearer.
Extra tip: Customize the field name of the error prompt
Sometimes you may want to display a more friendly field name when an error is reported, such as "mobile phone number" instead of "phone". You can use attributes() method or define it in a language file:
$request->validate([
'phone' => new ValidPhoneNumber
], [], [
'phone' => 'mobile number'
]);This will display the error message as:
Please enter a valid mobile phone number for mobile phone number.
Basically that's it. You can choose the appropriate method according to the actual project requirements: if you need to reuse, use the Rule class, use closures for temporary verification, and use Form Request for clear structure.
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