Securing MySQL Connections with SSL/TLS Encryption
Why do I need SSL/TLS to encrypt MySQL connections? Because unencrypted connections can cause sensitive data to be intercepted, enabling SSL/TLS prevents man-in-the-middle attacks and meets compliance requirements; 2. How to configure SSL/TLS for MySQL? You need to generate a certificate and a private key, modify the configuration file to specify the ssl-ca, ssl-cert and ssl-key paths and restart the service; 3. How to force SSL when the client connects? Implemented by specifying REQUIRE SSL or REQUIRE X509 when creating a user; 4. Details that are easily overlooked in SSL configuration include certificate path permissions, certificate expiration issues, and client configuration requirements.
The connection security issue of MySQL is becoming increasingly important in modern applications, especially during data transmission. Using SSL/TLS encryption is an effective means to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks. If you are managing a MySQL service and want to ensure that communication between the client and the server is secure, enabling SSL/TLS is a necessary step.

1. Why do I need SSL/TLS to encrypt MySQL connection?
Unencrypted MySQL connection means that username, password, query statements, and returned data can all be intercepted by attackers on the network. This risk is higher especially in public or shared network environments. After SSL/TLS is enabled, all communications will be encrypted, and even if the data is intercepted, it cannot be easily interpreted.
In addition, some compliance requirements (such as finance, medical and other industries) clearly require that data transmission must be encrypted. Therefore, enabling SSL/TLS is not only a security measure, but may also be a mandatory requirement.

2. How to configure SSL/TLS for MySQL?
MySQL supports using OpenSSL to enable SSL/TLS encrypted connections. You need to prepare the server-side certificate and private key and enable SSL support in the configuration file.
The configuration steps are as follows:
- Generate certificates and private keys : You can use the OpenSSL tool to generate a self-signed certificate for testing, or use a formal CA certificate for production environments.
- Modify the MySQL configuration file (my.cnf or my.ini) :
[mysqld] ssl-ca=/path/to/ca.pem ssl-cert=/path/to/server-cert.pem ssl-key=/path/to/server-key.pem
- Restart the MySQL service to make the configuration take effect.
- Verify that it is enabled successfully : After connecting through the client, execute
SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Ssl_cipher';
. If a non-null value is returned, SSL is enabled.
3. How to force SSL when client connection?
To ensure that all connections use encryption, you can specify REQUIRE SSL
when creating a user, for example:

GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'secure_user'@'%' REQUIRE SSL;
This way, any client that attempts to connect without SSL will be denied access. You can also use REQUIRE X509
to further require the client to provide a valid certificate.
FAQ:
- The client connection failed, prompting SSL-related errors: It may be that the certificate path is configured incorrectly, or the client does not load the CA certificate correctly.
- Some client tools do not verify server certificates by default: it is recommended to enable verification for enhanced security.
4. Details that are easily overlooked in SSL configuration
- Certificate path permissions : The MySQL service needs to have read permissions on the certificate file, otherwise an error will be reported when starting, but there will be no obvious prompt that it is a permission problem.
- Certificate expiration issue : Self-signed certificates are usually valid for a short period of time. Remember to update them regularly, otherwise it will cause connection interruption.
- Client configuration : Some clients (such as MySQL Workbench, command line clients) need to manually specify
--ssl-mode=REQUIRED
or load a CA certificate to establish an encrypted connection.
Basically that's it. Configuring SSL/TLS does not seem complicated, but many problems lie in details, such as paths, permissions, certificate formats, etc. As long as you take it step by step, it can still be enabled smoothly.
The above is the detailed content of Securing MySQL Connections with SSL/TLS Encryption. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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