How to use `@staticmethod` in python
@staticmethod is used in Python to define methods that do not depend on instances or classes themselves. Used when the function logic belongs to a class but does not need to access the class or instance properties, such as data verification, tool functions, etc. For example, the validate_phone method in the User class verifies the phone number format without accessing self or cls. The difference from conventional methods and @classmethod is that conventional methods automatically receive self as instance parameters, @classmethod receives cls as class parameters, while @staticmethod does not receive any implicit parameters. Practical applications include data verification, date processing, such as the is_leap_year method of the Date class, etc. Calling a static method can pass through a class or instance, but it cannot access self or cls within the method.
@staticmethod in Python is used to define a method that doesn't depend on the instance or the class itself. It's basically a way to organize functions inside a class that don't need access to self or cls .
When should you use @staticmethod ?
You'll want to use @staticmethod when you have a function that logically belongs to a class but doesn't actually need to access any class or instance attributes.
For example, imagine you're building a class for handling user data and you have a helper function that validates phone numbers — it doesn't need any info from the object or the class, just some input.
class User:
def __init__(self, name, phone):
self.name = name
self.phone = phone
@staticmethod
def validate_phone(phone):
return len(str(phone)) == 10 In this case, validate_phone isn't tied to a specific instance or class — it's just a utility function grouped under the class for better organization.
How is it different from regular methods and @classmethod ?
- Regular methods automatically take
selfas the first argument (the instance). -
@classmethodtakesclsas the first argument (the class), which is useful for factory methods. -
@staticmethoddoesn't take either — it behaves like a normal function, except it lives inside a class.
So if you're not accessing self or cls , go with @staticmethod .
Here's a quick comparison:
class Demo:
@staticmethod
def static_method(x):
Return x
def regular_method(self, x):
return self.xx
@classmethod
def class_method(cls, x):
return cls.__name__ str(x)Each of these decorators serves a different purpose. Use the right one based on whether your method needs access to the instance, the class, or neither.
Practical use cases for @staticmethod
- Data validation (like checking phone number format)
- Utility functions related to the class
- Helper functions that make sense inside the class but don't modify state
- Keeping code organized by grouping related logic together
For example, say you're working with dates in a custom class and you want to check if a year is a leap year:
class Date:
@staticmethod
def is_leap_year(year):
return year % 4 == 0 and (year % 100 != 0 or year % 400 == 0)This keeps date-related logic together without needing an instance.
A few things to remember
- You can call a static method on the class or an instance — both work.
- Don't try to access
selforclsin a static method — it won't work. - Keep static methods focused and simple. If they start getting complex, maybe they belong elsewhere.
Basically that's it.
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