How to define an enum type in protobuf and associate string constants?

TodebugaC applicationusingGDBinVisualStudioCode,configurethelaunch.jsonfilecorrectly;keysettingsincludespecifyingtheexecutablepathwith"program",setting"MIMode"to"gdb"and"type"to"cppdbg",using"ex

Use the Pythonschedule library to easily implement timing tasks. First, install the library through pipinstallschedule, then import the schedule and time modules, define the functions that need to be executed regularly, then use schedule.every() to set the time interval and bind the task function. Finally, call schedule.run_pending() and time.sleep(1) in a while loop to continuously run the task; for example, if you execute a task every 10 seconds, you can write it as schedule.every(10).seconds.do(job), which supports scheduling by minutes, hours, days, weeks, etc., and you can also specify specific tasks.

std::mutex is used to protect shared resources to prevent data competition. In the example, the automatic locking and unlocking of std::lock_guard is used to ensure multi-thread safety; 1. Using std::mutex and std::lock_guard can avoid the abnormal risks brought by manual management of locks; 2. Shared variables such as counters must be protected with mutex when modifying multi-threads; 3. RAII-style lock management is recommended to ensure exception safety; 4. Avoid deadlocks and multiple locks in a fixed order; 5. Any scenario of multi-thread access to shared resources should use mutex synchronization, and the final program correctly outputs Expected:10000 and Actual:10000.

To create a Python virtual environment, you can use the venv module. The steps are: 1. Enter the project directory to execute the python-mvenvenv environment to create the environment; 2. Use sourceenv/bin/activate to Mac/Linux and env\Scripts\activate to Windows; 3. Use the pipinstall installation package, pipfreeze>requirements.txt to export dependencies; 4. Be careful to avoid submitting the virtual environment to Git, and confirm that it is in the correct environment during installation. Virtual environments can isolate project dependencies to prevent conflicts, especially suitable for multi-project development, and editors such as PyCharm or VSCode are also

If it is iterating when deleting an element, you must avoid using a failed iterator. ①The correct way is to use it=vec.erase(it), and use the valid iterator returned by erase to continue traversing; ② The recommended "erase-remove" idiom for batch deletion: vec.erase(std::remove_if(vec.begin(),vec.end(), condition), vec.end()), which is safe and efficient; ③ You can use a reverse iterator to delete from back to front, the logic is clear, but you need to pay attention to the condition direction. Conclusion: Always update the iterator with the erase return value, prohibiting operations on the failed iterator, otherwise undefined behavior will result.

Use std::stoi() (C 11) to convert strings into integers, and try-catch is required to handle invalid parameters or out-of-bounds exceptions; 2. Use std::stringstream to safely convert and check the flow state, but need to combine eof() to detect trailing characters; 3. Use std::from_chars() (C 17) to have no exceptions and no memory allocation, the performance is best, and suitable for high-performance scenarios; when selecting methods, it should be decided based on C version and error handling requirements. Modern code recommends std::stoi to cooperate with exception handling, and std::from_chars is recommended for performance key scenarios.

This C single-linked example implements insert, traversal and delete operations. 1. Use insertAtBeginning to insert nodes in the head; 2. Use insertAtEnd to insert nodes in the tail; 3. Use deleteNode to delete nodes by value and return boolean results; 4. Use display method to traverse and print the linked list; 5. Free all node memory in the destructor to prevent leakage; the final program output verifies the correctness of these operations, fully demonstrating the basic management method of dynamic data structures.

Copyelision in C is a compiler optimization technology that allows skipping copy or moving construction of objects to directly construct target objects to improve performance. 1. When returning a local object, the compiler can omit the copy constructor through ReturnValueOptimization (RVO). For example, the copy constructor is not called when the createObject function returns obj in the example. 2. Since C 17 introduced guaranteedcopyelision, the return of prvalue (pure rvalue) has become a language mandatory requirement. For example, returnMyObject(99) must directly construct the object, and it can be compiled and passed even if the copy constructor is deleted. 3. When stored