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How Can I Secure My JSON Deserialization from External Sources Using Json.Net's TypeNameHandling?
How Can I Secure My JSON Deserialization from External Sources Using Json.Net's TypeNameHandling?
External JSON Vulnerability Due to Json.Net TypeNameHandling Auto
Json.Net's TypeNameHandling auto setting can potentially introduce security risks when deserializing JSON from untrusted sources. However, these risks can be mitigated by adhering to specific guidelines.
Type Safety and Attack Gadgets
Attacks exploiting TypeNameHandling rely on constructing "attack gadgets" that execute malicious actions upon instantiation or initialization. Json.Net safeguards against these attacks by validating the compatibility of deserialized types with the expected types.
Vulnerability Conditions
While having no explicit object or dynamic members in the target class reduces the risk, it does not guarantee safety entirely. Potential vulnerabilities could arise in the following scenarios:
- Untyped Collections: Deserializing untyped collections (e.g., List
- CollectionBase Implementations: CollectionBase types can validate item types only at runtime, creating a potential vulnerability window.
- Shared Base Types/Interfaces: Types sharing base types or interfaces with attack gadgets can inherit vulnerabilities.
- ISerializable Interfaces: Deserialization of types implementing ISerializable may allow for untyped member deserialization.
- Conditional Serialization: Members marked with ShouldSerializeAttribute methods can be deserialized even when not explicitly serialized.
Mitigating the Risk
To minimize the risk, it is essential to follow these recommendations:
- Use TypeNameHandling.None when possible.
- Implement a custom SerializationBinder to validate incoming types and prevent deserialization of unexpected types.
- Consider ignoring the [Serializable] attribute by setting DefaultContractResolver.IgnoreSerializableAttribute to true.
- Ensure that all object members that must not be deserialized are marked with ShouldSerializeAttribute methods returning false.
By adhering to these guidelines, it is possible to safely deserialize JSON even in the presence of TypeNameHandling auto while significantly reducing the risk of attacks.
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