How to Efficiently Switch Between Browser Tabs Using Selenium WebDriver in Java?

Switching Tabs Using Selenium WebDriver with Java

When automating web pages with Selenium WebDriver, switching between tabs is a common requirement. However, when dealing with tabs within the same window, a challenge arises as both tabs may have the same window handle.

Problem:

When automating a scenario that involves opening a new tab, performing actions within that tab, and returning to the original tab (parent), using switch handle may not work. The tabs may share the same window handle, rendering switching between them ineffective.

Solution 1: Track Window Handles

If window handles are available, you can switch tabs using the following steps:

ArrayList<String> tabs = new ArrayList<String>(driver.getWindowHandles());
driver.switchTo().window(tabs.get(1)); // Switch to the new tab
driver.close(); // Close the new tab
driver.switchTo().window(tabs.get(0)); // Switch back to the parent tab

Solution 2: Use Selenium Actions (Experimental)

The experimental Selenium.Actions class provides a select_window method that can be used to switch tabs by window title:

WebElement parentTab = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//ul/li/a[@id='tab1_link']"));
WebElement newTab = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//ul/li/a[@id='tab2_link']"));

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).click(newTab).keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).build().perform();
actions.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).click(parentTab).keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).build().perform();

Remember to ensure that your driver library is up-to-date to access the Selenium.Actions class.

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