How to Fix \'TCP/IP Connection to Host Failed\' Error When Connecting Java to SQL Server?

JDBC Connection Failure: Tips to Resolve "TCP/IP Connection to Host Failed" Error

When attempting to connect a Java class file to SQL Server 2012, you may encounter the error "TCP/IP connection to host failed." This error indicates an issue with the network configuration, preventing the establishment of a connection between the Java application and the SQL server.

Troubleshooting Steps:

1. Enable TCP/IP Protocol:

   Start by opening SQL Server Configuration Manager and expanding SQL Server 2012 Network Configuration. Click on "Protocols for " and locate TCP/IP in the right panel. Ensure that it is enabled by setting the "Enabled" option to "True."

2. Verify TCP Port:

   Check the TCP/IP settings in SQL Server Configuration Manager. On the "Protocol" tab, note the value for "Listen All." If this is set to "Yes," the TCP port is 1433. If "Listen All" is set to "No," check the TCP port number for the specific IP address being used.

3. Allow Firewall Exception:

   Make sure that TCP connections to the specified port are not being blocked by a firewall. Add an exception in the firewall settings to allow access to the SQL server's TCP port.

4. Check SQL Server Service:

   Verify that the SQL Server service is running and accepting connections. Open "Services" in Windows and locate "SQL Server." Ensure that it is started and set to "Automatic."

5. Review Connection String:

   Check your Java code and ensure that the JDBC connection string is correct. The host IP address and port (typically 1433) should match the settings configured in SQL Server Configuration Manager.

6. Use the SQL Server Browser:

   If you are attempting to connect to a named instance of SQL Server, make sure that the SQL Server Browser service is running. This service helps resolve the instance name to the IP address and port.

By following these steps, you should be able to resolve the "TCP/IP connection to host failed" error and successfully establish a connection between your Java application and SQL Server 2012.

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