How Does Exception Handling Work in C ?

Exception Handling in C : A Comprehensive Explanation

Exception handling is a crucial mechanism in C that allows programmers to manage runtime errors and unexpected situations effectively. Understanding how to throw, try, and catch exceptions is essential for writing robust and well-structured code.

Throwing Exceptions

To throw an exception, use the throw keyword followed by the exception object. For instance, to throw an exception with the message "received negative value" when either of the arguments a or b in the compare function is negative, the following code can be used:

#include <stdexcept>

int compare(int a, int b) {
    if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
        throw std::invalid_argument("received negative value");
    }
}

The Standard Library provides a range of built-in exception objects, including std::invalid_argument, which can be used in such scenarios.

Catching Exceptions

To handle exceptions, use the try-catch block structure. The try block contains the code that may throw exceptions. The catch block(s) follow the try block and specify the types of exceptions that should be handled. For example, the following code attempts to call the compare function and catches any std::invalid_argument exceptions that may be thrown:

try {
    compare(-1, 3);
}
catch (const std::invalid_argument& e) {
    // Handle the exception and take appropriate action
}

Re-Throwing Exceptions

If necessary, exceptions can be re-thrown within a catch block using the throw keyword. This allows the exception to be handled by code at a higher level in the call stack.

Catching Exceptions Regardless of Type

To catch exceptions regardless of their type, use the ellipsis (...) in the catch block. This is useful when the exact type of exception is not known or when general error handling is desired.

try {
    // Code that may throw exceptions
}
catch (...) {
    // Handle all exceptions
}

Understanding exception handling is crucial for writing robust and error-resistant code. By following the principles outlined above, programmers can effectively manage runtime errors and improve the overall quality of their C applications.

The above is the detailed content of How Does Exception Handling Work in C ?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!