


How to Share Large, Read-Only Arrays and Python Objects in Multiprocessing without Memory Overhead?
Shared-Memory Objects in Multiprocessing
Question:
In multiprocessing, how can you share a large, read-only array or any arbitrary Python object across multiple processes without incurring memory overhead?
Answer:
In operating systems that use copy-on-write fork() semantics, unaltered data structures remain available to all child processes without additional memory consumption. Simply ensure that the shared object remains unmodified.
For Arrays:
Efficient Approach:
- Pack the array into an efficient array structure (e.g., numpy array).
- Place the array in shared memory.
- Wrap the shared array with multiprocessing.Array.
- Pass the shared array to your functions.
Writeable Shared Objects:
- Requires synchronization or locking.
-
multiprocessing provides two methods:
- Shared memory: Suitable for simple values, arrays, or ctypes (fast).
- Manager proxy: Process holds the memory, and a manager arbitrates access from others (slower due to serialization/deserialization).
Arbitrary Python Objects:
- Use the Manager proxy approach.
- Slower than shared memory due to communication overhead.
Optimization Concerns:
The overhead observed in the provided code snippet is not caused by memory copying. Instead, it stems from the serialization/deserialization of the function's arguments (the arr array), which incurs a performance penalty when using the Manager proxy.
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