Home Java javaTutorial Best Practices for Mapping in Spring Boot

Best Practices for Mapping in Spring Boot

Oct 10, 2024 am 06:09 AM

Best Practices for Mapping in Spring Boot

Lors du choix des meilleures pratiques pour mapper les DTO aux entités et vice versa dans une application Spring Boot, plusieurs facteurs clés doivent être pris en compte : la simplicité, la maintenabilité, les performances et la testabilité. Chaque méthode a ses atouts, la meilleure pratique dépend donc des exigences de votre projet. Voici un aperçu des différentes approches et quand les utiliser :

1. Utilisez des bibliothèques comme << MapStruct >> (Préféré pour les grands projets)

MapStruct est un générateur de code au moment de la compilation qui automatise le processus de mappage entre les DTO et les entités.
Idéal pour : Les grands projets dans lesquels vous disposez de nombreux DTO et entités, et vous souhaitez éviter le code de mappage manuel et répétitif.
Pourquoi MapStruct est un bon choix :

  • Performance : Parce qu'il génère du code de mappage au moment de la compilation, il est très efficace par rapport aux solutions d'exécution. Sécurité du type : erreurs de compilation si le mappage est incorrect ou manquant, réduisant ainsi les risques d'échecs d'exécution.
  • Maintenabilité : Il génère tout le code passe-partout pour vous, réduisant ainsi la duplication.
  • Prise en charge du mappage personnalisé : Vous pouvez facilement définir des mappages personnalisés pour des champs complexes (par exemple, différents noms de champ, objets imbriqués).

Quand utiliser MapStruct :

  • Lorsque vous avez de nombreux DTO et entités à cartographier.
  • Lorsque les performances sont un problème (puisqu'elles sont générées au moment de la compilation).
  • Lorsque vous souhaitez réduire le code passe-partout tout en gardant le contrôle sur les mappages.
public interface BaseMapper<D, E> {
    D toDto(E entity);
    E toEntity(D dto);
}
@Mapper(componentModel = "spring")
public interface ClientMapper extends BaseMapper<ClientDTO, User> {
    // MapStruct will automatically inherit the methods from BaseMapper
}
@Mapper(componentModel = "spring")
public interface SentimentMapper extends BaseMapper<SentimentDTO, Product> {
    // Inherits from BaseMapper
}

Vous devez organiser les fichiers comme suit :

src
 └── main
     └── java
         └── com
             └── yourapp
                 ├── mapper                # Package for mappers
                 │    ├── BaseMapper.java  # Abstract base mapper
                 │    ├── ClientMapper.java # Client-specific mapper
                 │    └── SentimentMapper.java # Sentiment-specific mapper

Exemple : Comment utiliser les mappeurs dans un service

package com.yourapp.service;

import com.yourapp.dto.UserDTO;
import com.yourapp.entity.User;
import com.yourapp.mapper.UserMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class ClientService {

    private final ClientMapper clientMapper;

    // Constructor injection (preferred method)
    public UserService(ClientMapper clientMapper) {
        this.clientMapper = clientMapper;
    }

    // Method to convert Client entity to ClientDTO
    public ClientDTO getClientDto(Client client) {
        return clientMapper.toDto(client);
    }

    // Method to convert ClientDTO to Client entity
    public User createClientFromDto(ClientDTO clientDTO) {
        return clientMapper.toEntity(clientDTO);
    }
}

2. Utilisez des bibliothèques comme << ModelMapper >> (Pour une cartographie rapide et dynamique)

ModelMapper mappe dynamiquement les champs entre les DTO et les entités au moment de l'exécution.
Idéal pour : Configuration rapide, en particulier en matière de prototypage ou lorsque vous ne souhaitez pas écrire manuellement une logique de mappage pour de nombreux champs.
Pourquoi ModelMapper :

  • Facilité de configuration : Nécessite très peu de configuration et fonctionne bien pour les cas d'utilisation simples.
  • Mappages dynamiques : Idéal pour les cas où les entités et les DTO ont une structure similaire et où vous ne souhaitez pas écrire de méthodes de mappage individuelles.

Exemple :

        ModelMapper modelMapper = new ModelMapper();
        ClientDTO clientDTO = modelMapper.map(client, ClientDTO.class);
        Client client = modelMapper.map(clientDTO, Client.class);

Quand utiliser ModelMapper :

  • Lorsque le projet est petit ou moyen et que vous ne souhaitez pas écrire de mappeurs individuels.
  • Lorsque la structure de vos DTO et entités est très similaire et ne nécessite pas beaucoup de personnalisation.

3. Cartographie manuelle (idéale pour les petits projets ou les cas spécifiques)

Le mappage manuel implique d'écrire vous-même le code de conversion, généralement avec de simples appels getter/setter.
Idéal pour : Petits projets, mappages simples ou lorsque vous avez besoin d'un contrôle total sur tous les aspects du processus de mappage.
Pourquoi la cartographie manuelle peut être un bon choix :

  • Mappages simples : Si vous ne disposez que de quelques DTO et entités, le mappage manuel peut être simple et facile à mettre en œuvre.
  • Contrôle total : Vous avez un contrôle total sur la façon dont le mappage est effectué, ce qui est utile lorsque vous avez une logique complexe ou des transformations de données pendant le mappage.

Exemple :

public class ClientMapper {
    public ClientDTO toDto(Client client) {
        ClientDTO clientDTO = new ClientDTO();
        clientDTO.setEmail(client.getEmail());
        return clientDTO;
    }

    public User toEntity(ClientDTO clientDTO) {
        Client client = new User();
        client.setEmail(clientDTO.getEmail());
        return client;
    }
}

Quand utiliser la cartographie manuelle :

  • In small or simple projects where only a few DTOs and entities exist.
  • When you need maximum control over mapping logic.
  • For edge cases where mapping libraries might be too much overhead.

Key Considerations for Choosing a Mapping Approach

Maintainability
  • MapStruct is easier to maintain as your project grows because it automatically generates the mapping code.
  • Manual mapping can become harder to maintain in large projects, as each DTO-entity pair requires separate methods.
  • ModelMapper can quickly become difficult to maintain if you need a lot of custom logic since it’s dynamic and doesn’t enforce compile-time checking.
Performance
  • MapStruct is highly performant since mappings are generated at compile-time. This makes it ideal for performance-critical applications.
  • Manual mapping is also efficient, but it can introduce human error and is more verbose.
  • ModelMapper can be slower, as it uses reflection to map fields at runtime.
Complexity of Mappings
  • For simple mappings: Manual mapping or ModelMapper might be sufficient.
  • For complex mappings (nested objects, custom field names, or transformations), MapStruct or manual mapping is preferred, as it provides more control.
Project Size
  • In small projects, manual mapping is usually sufficient and easy to maintain.
  • For large projects with multiple entities and DTOs, it’s better to use MapStruct to reduce boilerplate and improve readability.

General Best Practice:

  • Use MapStruct for larger projects where maintainability, performance, and compile-time safety are critical.
  • Use manual mapping in small projects or when you need to write very specific conversion logic.
  • Avoid using ModelMapper in large or complex projects, as runtime mapping with reflection can be slow and error-prone.
  • Always strive to keep DTOs simple, containing only the necessary data, and avoid including domain logic in them.
  • Handle null safety and edge cases (e.g., optional fields, collections) properly when mapping.
  • If your DTOs frequently change, tools like MapStruct will help you adapt faster by automatically generating the code and providing compile-time feedback.

Conclusion

  • For large-scale applications where many DTOs and entities exist and mapping is repetitive, MapStruct is generally the best practice.
  • For small-scale projects with minimal mapping, manual mapping is sufficient and keeps things simple.
  • ModelMapper can be used for quick prototypes or simple use cases, but it is not the best choice for production environments due to performance and maintainability concerns.

Authors

  • @mohamedamine.mhenni

Support

For support, email mhenni.medamine@gmail.com .

License

MIT

The above is the detailed content of Best Practices for Mapping in Spring Boot. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

PHP Tutorial
1502
276
Asynchronous Programming Techniques in Modern Java Asynchronous Programming Techniques in Modern Java Jul 07, 2025 am 02:24 AM

Java supports asynchronous programming including the use of CompletableFuture, responsive streams (such as ProjectReactor), and virtual threads in Java19. 1.CompletableFuture improves code readability and maintenance through chain calls, and supports task orchestration and exception handling; 2. ProjectReactor provides Mono and Flux types to implement responsive programming, with backpressure mechanism and rich operators; 3. Virtual threads reduce concurrency costs, are suitable for I/O-intensive tasks, and are lighter and easier to expand than traditional platform threads. Each method has applicable scenarios, and appropriate tools should be selected according to your needs and mixed models should be avoided to maintain simplicity

Best Practices for Using Enums in Java Best Practices for Using Enums in Java Jul 07, 2025 am 02:35 AM

In Java, enums are suitable for representing fixed constant sets. Best practices include: 1. Use enum to represent fixed state or options to improve type safety and readability; 2. Add properties and methods to enums to enhance flexibility, such as defining fields, constructors, helper methods, etc.; 3. Use EnumMap and EnumSet to improve performance and type safety because they are more efficient based on arrays; 4. Avoid abuse of enums, such as dynamic values, frequent changes or complex logic scenarios, which should be replaced by other methods. Correct use of enum can improve code quality and reduce errors, but you need to pay attention to its applicable boundaries.

Understanding Java NIO and Its Advantages Understanding Java NIO and Its Advantages Jul 08, 2025 am 02:55 AM

JavaNIO is a new IOAPI introduced by Java 1.4. 1) is aimed at buffers and channels, 2) contains Buffer, Channel and Selector core components, 3) supports non-blocking mode, and 4) handles concurrent connections more efficiently than traditional IO. Its advantages are reflected in: 1) Non-blocking IO reduces thread overhead, 2) Buffer improves data transmission efficiency, 3) Selector realizes multiplexing, and 4) Memory mapping speeds up file reading and writing. Note when using: 1) The flip/clear operation of the Buffer is easy to be confused, 2) Incomplete data needs to be processed manually without blocking, 3) Selector registration must be canceled in time, 4) NIO is not suitable for all scenarios.

How does a HashMap work internally in Java? How does a HashMap work internally in Java? Jul 15, 2025 am 03:10 AM

HashMap implements key-value pair storage through hash tables in Java, and its core lies in quickly positioning data locations. 1. First use the hashCode() method of the key to generate a hash value and convert it into an array index through bit operations; 2. Different objects may generate the same hash value, resulting in conflicts. At this time, the node is mounted in the form of a linked list. After JDK8, the linked list is too long (default length 8) and it will be converted to a red and black tree to improve efficiency; 3. When using a custom class as a key, the equals() and hashCode() methods must be rewritten; 4. HashMap dynamically expands capacity. When the number of elements exceeds the capacity and multiplies by the load factor (default 0.75), expand and rehash; 5. HashMap is not thread-safe, and Concu should be used in multithreaded

Effective Use of Java Enums and Best Practices Effective Use of Java Enums and Best Practices Jul 07, 2025 am 02:43 AM

Java enumerations not only represent constants, but can also encapsulate behavior, carry data, and implement interfaces. 1. Enumeration is a class used to define fixed instances, such as week and state, which is safer than strings or integers; 2. It can carry data and methods, such as passing values ​​through constructors and providing access methods; 3. It can use switch to handle different logics, with clear structure; 4. It can implement interfaces or abstract methods to make differentiated behaviors of different enumeration values; 5. Pay attention to avoid abuse, hard-code comparison, dependence on ordinal values, and reasonably naming and serialization.

What is a Singleton design pattern in Java? What is a Singleton design pattern in Java? Jul 09, 2025 am 01:32 AM

Singleton design pattern in Java ensures that a class has only one instance and provides a global access point through private constructors and static methods, which is suitable for controlling access to shared resources. Implementation methods include: 1. Lazy loading, that is, the instance is created only when the first request is requested, which is suitable for situations where resource consumption is high and not necessarily required; 2. Thread-safe processing, ensuring that only one instance is created in a multi-threaded environment through synchronization methods or double check locking, and reducing performance impact; 3. Hungry loading, which directly initializes the instance during class loading, is suitable for lightweight objects or scenarios that can be initialized in advance; 4. Enumeration implementation, using Java enumeration to naturally support serialization, thread safety and prevent reflective attacks, is a recommended concise and reliable method. Different implementation methods can be selected according to specific needs

Java Optional example Java Optional example Jul 12, 2025 am 02:55 AM

Optional can clearly express intentions and reduce code noise for null judgments. 1. Optional.ofNullable is a common way to deal with null objects. For example, when taking values ​​from maps, orElse can be used to provide default values, so that the logic is clearer and concise; 2. Use chain calls maps to achieve nested values ​​to safely avoid NPE, and automatically terminate if any link is null and return the default value; 3. Filter can be used for conditional filtering, and subsequent operations will continue to be performed only if the conditions are met, otherwise it will jump directly to orElse, which is suitable for lightweight business judgment; 4. It is not recommended to overuse Optional, such as basic types or simple logic, which will increase complexity, and some scenarios will directly return to nu.

How to fix java.io.NotSerializableException? How to fix java.io.NotSerializableException? Jul 12, 2025 am 03:07 AM

The core workaround for encountering java.io.NotSerializableException is to ensure that all classes that need to be serialized implement the Serializable interface and check the serialization support of nested objects. 1. Add implementsSerializable to the main class; 2. Ensure that the corresponding classes of custom fields in the class also implement Serializable; 3. Use transient to mark fields that do not need to be serialized; 4. Check the non-serialized types in collections or nested objects; 5. Check which class does not implement the interface; 6. Consider replacement design for classes that cannot be modified, such as saving key data or using serializable intermediate structures; 7. Consider modifying

See all articles