Creating a Basic Framework for Angular 18-JS Tutorial-php.cn

Создание базовой структуры для Angular 18

Previously, we looked at creating and setting up a new Angular project. In this article we will analyze the basic structure.

Let me remind you that the series is devoted to the development of a web application for searching for airline tickets and hotels. The project is based on a project from Alfa Travel - travel.alfabank.ru

The site consists of the following blocks:

Two screens: mobile and browser versions;
4 main pages in which the block with the form changes;
Technical section;
Search for tickets and hotels;
Show http errors - 404, 403 and 500.

This allows us to highlight the main parts:

Basic layout containing header, content and footer;
The only main one that would display the required form;
Search results.

Setting up AppComponent

Change the AppComponent so that it only outputs routerOutlet.

import { ChangeDetectionStrategy, Component } from '@angular/core';
import { RouterOutlet } from '@angular/router';

@Component({
  selector: 'baf-root',
  standalone: true,
  imports: [RouterOutlet],
  template: '<router-outlet/>',
  changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush,
})
export class AppComponent {}

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Delete unused files: app.component.spec.ts, app.component.scss and app.component.html.

Add configuration for the browser version in app.config.browser.ts:

import { ApplicationConfig, mergeApplicationConfig } from '@angular/core';
import { provideAnimations } from '@angular/platform-browser/animations';

import { appConfig } from './app.config';

const browserConfig: ApplicationConfig = {
  providers: [provideAnimations()],
};

export const config = mergeApplicationConfig(appConfig, browserConfig);

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And import it into main.ts:

import { bootstrapApplication } from '@angular/platform-browser';

import { AppComponent } from './app/app.component';
import { config } from './app/app.config.browser';

bootstrapApplication(AppComponent, config).catch((err) => console.error(err));

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Adding hammerjs

For the mobile version we need to work with touches and swipes, so we use hammerjs

Install the dependency:

yarn add -D hammerjs @types/hammerjs

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Connect animation and hammerjs in the browser:

import 'hammerjs';

import { ApplicationConfig, mergeApplicationConfig } from '@angular/core';
import { provideAnimations } from '@angular/platform-browser/animations';

import { appConfig } from './app.config';

const browserConfig: ApplicationConfig = {
  providers: [provideAnimations()],
};

export const config = mergeApplicationConfig(appConfig, browserConfig);

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You need to set the configuration for hammerjs.

Create a new core folder, in which we will store everything that is an integral part of the project.

mkdir src/app/core
mkdir src/app/core/lib
echo >src/app/core/index.ts
mkdir src/app/core/lib/hammer
echo >src/app/core/lib/hammer/hammer.ts

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In hammer.ts we specify the config:

import { EnvironmentProviders, importProvidersFrom, Injectable, Provider } from '@angular/core';
import { HAMMER_GESTURE_CONFIG, HammerGestureConfig, HammerModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';

@Injectable()
export class HammerConfig extends HammerGestureConfig {
  override overrides = {
    swipe: { velocity: 0.4, threshold: 20 },
    pinch: { enable: false },
    rotate: { enable: false },
  };
}

export function provideHammer(): (Provider | EnvironmentProviders)[] {
  return [
    importProvidersFrom(HammerModule),
    {
      provide: HAMMER_GESTURE_CONFIG,
      useClass: HammerConfig,
    },
  ];
}

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Export to src/app/core/index.ts:

export * from './lib/hammer/hammer';

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For quick access, add an alias to tsconfig.json:

{
  "compileOnSave": false,
  "compilerOptions": {
    "outDir": "./dist/out-tsc",
    "strict": true,
    "noImplicitOverride": true,
    "noPropertyAccessFromIndexSignature": true,
    "noImplicitReturns": true,
    "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "sourceMap": true,
    "declaration": false,
    "experimentalDecorators": true,
    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
    "importHelpers": true,
    "target": "ES2022",
    "module": "ES2022",
    "useDefineForClassFields": false,
    "lib": ["ES2022", "dom"],
    "baseUrl": ".",
    "paths": {
      "@baf/core": ["src/app/core/index.ts"]
    }
  },
  "angularCompilerOptions": {
    "enableI18nLegacyMessageIdFormat": false,
    "strictInjectionParameters": true,
    "strictInputAccessModifiers": true,
    "strictTemplates": true
  }
}

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Note that you also need to specify the baseUrl.

Connect in the browser version:

import { ApplicationConfig, mergeApplicationConfig } from '@angular/core';
import { provideAnimations } from '@angular/platform-browser/animations';

import { provideHammer } from '@baf/core';

import { appConfig } from './app.config';

const browserConfig: ApplicationConfig = {
  providers: [provideAnimations(), provideHammer()],
};

export const config = mergeApplicationConfig(appConfig, browserConfig);

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Creating a Layout

The layout is common to the entire web application. Let's add a new UI folder in which we will store the components.

mkdir src/app/ui
mkdir src/app/ui/layout/lib
echo >src/app/ui/layout/index.ts

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Run the command:

yarn ng g c layout

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Move the content to src/app/ui/layout/lib.

We see that everything is created without the attributes we need and with test files:

import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'baf-layout',
  standalone: true,
  imports: [],
  templateUrl: './layout.component.html',
  styleUrl: './layout.component.scss'
})
export class LayoutComponent {}

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In angular.json we will specify the properties:

{
  "@schematics/angular:component": {
    "style": "scss",
    "changeDetection": "OnPush",
    "skipTests": true
   }
}

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Edit LayoutComponent:

import { ChangeDetectionStrategy, Component } from '@angular/core';
import { RouterOutlet } from '@angular/router';

@Component({
  selector: 'baf-results',
  standalone: true,
  imports: [RouterOutlet],
  templateUrl: './layout.component.html',
  styleUrl: './layout.component.scss',
  changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush,
})
export class LayoutComponent {}

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Add a header, content and footer:

<router-outlet name="top" />
<header>
  <router-outlet name="header" />
</header>
<main>
  <router-outlet name="main-top" />
  <router-outlet />
  <router-outlet name="main-bottom" />
</main>
<footer>
  <router-outlet name="footer" />
</footer>
<router-outlet name="bottom" />

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A few styles:

:host {
  display: flex;
  min-height: 100vh;
  flex-direction: column;
}

header,
footer {
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

main {
  flex-grow: 1;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

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Export the component to src/app/ui/layout/index.ts:

export * from './lib/layout.component';

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And write the alias in tsconfig.json:

{
  "paths": {
     "@baf/core": ["src/app/core/index.ts"],
     "@baf/ui/layout": ["src/app/ui/layout/index.ts"]
  }
}

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Reset styles

Before displaying the layout, you need to configure the styles in the application.

To reset the default appearance in the browser, just the following:

/* You can add global styles to this file, and also import other style files */
@use '@angular/cdk' as cdk;

// Hack for global CDK dialogs styles
@include cdk.overlay();

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  -moz-text-size-adjust: none;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: none;
  text-size-adjust: none;
}

blockquote {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 1rem;
}

h1 {
  margin-block-start: 1.45rem;
  margin-block-end: 1.45rem;
}

h2 {
  margin-block-start: 1.25rem;
  margin-block-end: 1.25rem;
}

h3 {
  margin-block-start: 1.175rem;
  margin-block-end: 1.175rem;
}

h4 {
  margin-block-start: 1.15rem;
  margin-block-end: 1.15rem;
}

figure {
  margin: 0;
}

p {
  margin-block-start: 1rem;
  margin-block-end: 1rem;
}

ul[role='list'],
ol[role='list'] {
  list-style: none;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  min-height: 100vh;
  line-height: 1.5;
  font-family:
    Arial,
    ui-sans-serif,
    system-ui,
    -apple-system,
    BlinkMacSystemFont,
    sans-serif;
  font-size: 16px;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
button,
input,
label {
  line-height: 1.1;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4 {
  text-wrap: balance;
}

a:not([class]) {
  text-decoration-skip-ink: auto;
  color: currentColor;
}

img,
picture {
  max-width: 100%;
  display: block;
}

input,
button,
textarea,
select {
  font: inherit;
}

textarea:not([rows]) {
  min-height: 10rem;
}

:target {
  scroll-margin-block: 5ex;
}

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Reset will be placed in styles.scss.

Edit index.html:

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>BuyAndFly</title>
    <base href="/" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
    <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" />
    <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin />
    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@300;400;500&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" />
    <meta name="description" content="Example Angular 18 application for search for cheap flights and hotels." />
    <link rel="preconnect" href="https://photo.hotellook.com" />
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png" />
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" />
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" />
    <link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest" />
    <link rel="mask-icon" href="/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#172659" />
    <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/browserconfig.xml" />
    <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#172659" />
    <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" />
  </head>
  <body>
       <baf-root></baf-root>
  </body>
</html>

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Add the generated favicons to public, as well as other files:

browserconfig.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<browserconfig>
    <msapplication>
        <tile>
            <square150x150logo src="/favicons/mstile-150x150.png"/>
            <TileColor>#172659</TileColor>
        </tile>
    </msapplication>
</browserconfig>

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site.webmanifest:

{
    "name": "Buy & Fly",
    "short_name": "Buy & Fly",
    "icons": [
        {
            "src": "/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png",
            "sizes": "192x192",
            "type": "image/png"
        },
        {
            "src": "/favicons/android-chrome-512x512.png",
            "sizes": "512x512",
            "type": "image/png"
        }
    ],
    "theme_color": "#ffffff",
    "background_color": "#ffffff",
    "display": "standalone",
    "start_url": ".",
    "description": "Search for cheap flights and hotels.",
    "categories": ["travel", "education"],
    "screenshots": [
      {
        "src": "screenshot.webp",
        "sizes": "1280x720",
        "type": "image/webp"
      }
    ]
}

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robots.txt:

User-agent: *
Disallow: /api

User-agent: Yandex
Disallow: /api
Clean-param: bonus&utm_source&utm_medium&utm_campaign&utm_term&utm_content&click_id&appstore&platform

Host: https://buy-and-fly.fafn.ru
Sitemap: https://buy-and-fly.fafn.ru/sitemap.xml

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At the end we use the layout in src/app/app.routes.ts:

import { Routes } from '@angular/router';

export const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: '',
    loadComponent: () => import('@baf/ui/layout').then((m) => m.LayoutComponent),
    children: [],
  },
];

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Launch the application:

yarn serve

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We will see a white screen :)

Добавление шапки и футера

Создадим шапку и подвал:

yarn ng g c header
yarn ng g c footer

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Перенесем в ui/layout и экспортируем:

export * from './lib/footer/footer.component';
export * from './lib/header/header.component';
export * from './lib/layout.component';

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Подключим их в приложении:

import { Routes } from '@angular/router';

export const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: '',
    loadComponent: () => import('@baf/ui/layout').then((m) => m.LayoutComponent),
    children: [
      {
        path: '',
        loadComponent: () => import('@baf/ui/layout').then((m) => m.HeaderComponent),
        outlet: 'header',
      },
      {
        path: '',
        loadComponent: () => import('@baf/ui/layout').then((m) => m.FooterComponent),
        outlet: 'footer',
      },
    ],
  },
];

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Запустим проект:

yarn serve

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Видим созданные компоненты.

В следующей статье добавим core сервисы и интерфейсы.

Ссылки

Все исходники находятся на github, в репозитории - github.com/Fafnur/buy-and-fly

Демо можно посмотреть здесь - buy-and-fly.fafn.ru/

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