首先设计评论表存储内容、作者、层级关系,再用Java实现Comment实体和DAO操作数据库,通过Servlet处理增删查请求,前端JSP展示并提交评论,支持嵌套回复功能。
开发一个小型论坛的评论功能,核心是实现用户发布、查看、回复和管理评论的能力。使用 Java 作为后端语言,配合数据库和简单的前端页面,就能快速搭建出基础功能。以下是关键步骤和代码示例。
评论功能需要存储评论内容、作者、发布时间以及层级关系(如回复)。可以设计一张 comments 表:
CREATE TABLE comments ( id BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, content TEXT NOT NULL, author VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, post_id INT NOT NULL, -- 所属帖子ID parent_id BIGINT DEFAULT NULL, -- 回复的评论ID,为空表示一级评论 created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, INDEX(post_id), INDEX(parent_id) );
其中 parent_id 实现嵌套回复:如果为 null,是一级评论;否则指向被回复的评论 ID。
创建对应的 Java 类和数据访问对象。
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Comment.java(实体类)
public class Comment { private Long id; private String content; private String author; private int postId; private Long parentId; private LocalDateTime createdAt; <pre class='brush:java;toolbar:false;'>// 构造函数、getter、setter 省略
}
CommentDAO.java(数据库操作)
import java.sql.*; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; <p>public class CommentDAO { private Connection getConnection() throws SQLException { return DriverManager.getConnection( "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/forum", "root", "password"); }</p><pre class='brush:java;toolbar:false;'>// 获取某个帖子的所有评论(含回复) public List<Comment> getCommentsByPostId(int postId) { List<Comment> comments = new ArrayList<>(); String sql = "SELECT * FROM comments WHERE post_id = ? ORDER BY created_at ASC"; try (Connection conn = getConnection(); PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) { stmt.setInt(1, postId); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(); while (rs.next()) { Comment c = new Comment(); c.setId(rs.getLong("id")); c.setContent(rs.getString("content")); c.setAuthor(rs.getString("author")); c.setPostId(rs.getInt("post_id")); c.setParentId(rs.getLong("parent_id")); c.setCreatedAt(rs.getTimestamp("created_at").toLocalDateTime()); comments.add(c); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return comments; } // 添加新评论 public boolean addComment(Comment comment) { String sql = "INSERT INTO comments (content, author, post_id, parent_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)"; try (Connection conn = getConnection(); PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) { stmt.setString(1, comment.getContent()); stmt.setString(2, comment.getAuthor()); stmt.setInt(3, comment.getPostId()); stmt.setObject(4, comment.getParentId()); // 允许 null return stmt.executeUpdate() > 0; } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return false; } }
}
通过 Servlet 接收评论提交和展示请求。
AddCommentServlet.java
@WebServlet("/addComment") public class AddCommentServlet extends HttpServlet { private CommentDAO commentDAO = new CommentDAO(); <pre class='brush:java;toolbar:false;'>protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException { req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); String content = req.getParameter("content"); String author = req.getParameter("author"); int postId = Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("postId")); String parentIdStr = req.getParameter("parentId"); Comment comment = new Comment(); comment.setContent(content); comment.setAuthor(author); comment.setPostId(postId); if (parentIdStr != null && !parentIdStr.isEmpty()) { comment.setParentId(Long.parseLong(parentIdStr)); } if (commentDAO.addComment(comment)) { resp.sendRedirect("viewPost.jsp?postId=" + postId); } else { resp.getWriter().println("评论失败"); } }
}
ViewCommentsServlet.java(可选API式返回)
也可以返回 JSON,便于前端动态加载。
@WebServlet("/api/comments") public class ViewCommentsServlet extends HttpServlet { private CommentDAO commentDAO = new CommentDAO(); <pre class='brush:java;toolbar:false;'>protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException { resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8"); int postId = Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("postId")); List<Comment> comments = commentDAO.getCommentsByPostId(postId); // 简单手动转JSON(生产建议用Jackson/Gson) StringBuilder json = new StringBuilder("["); for (int i = 0; i < comments.size(); i++) { Comment c = comments.get(i); json.append(String.format( "{\"id\":%d,\"author\":\"%s\",\"content\":\"%s\",\"parentId\":%s}", c.getId(), c.getAuthor(), c.getContent(), c.getParentId() )); if (i < comments.size() - 1) json.append(","); } json.append("]"); resp.getWriter().println(json.toString()); }
}
简单 JSP 页面展示评论和输入框。
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" %> <html> <body> <h2>评论区</h2> <p><!-- 发表评论 --> <form action="addComment" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="postId" value="123" /> <input type="text" name="author" placeholder="你的名字" required /><br/> <textarea name="content" placeholder="写点什么..." required></textarea><br/> <button type="submit">发表评论</button> </form></p><p><hr/></p><p><!-- 显示评论列表 --> <% List<Comment> comments = (List<Comment>) request.getAttribute("comments"); for (Comment c : comments) { %> <div style="margin-left: <%= c.getParentId() == null ? 0 : 20 %>px; border-left: 2px solid #ccc; padding-left: 10px;"> <b><%= c.getAuthor() %></b>: <%= c.getContent() %> <small><%= c.getCreatedAt() %></small> <button onclick="replyTo(<%= c.getId() %>)">回复</button> </div> <% } %></p><p><script> function replyTo(parentId) { document.querySelector("input[name='parentId']").value = parentId; window.scrollTo(0, 0); } </script> </body> </html></p>
基本上就这些。这个方案适合学习或小型项目。后续可扩展的功能包括:用户登录校验、评论审核、分页加载、防XSS过滤等。
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