Linux nmap命令详解

yum install nmap

Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:  
  Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.  
  Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254  
  -iL : Input from list of hosts/networks  
  -iR <num hosts="">: Choose random targets  
  --exclude <host1>: Exclude hosts/networks  
  --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:  
  -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan  
  -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan  
  -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery  
  -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports  
  -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes  
  -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping  
  -PR: ARP ping - does not need HW address -> IP translation  
  -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]  
  --dns-servers <serv1>: Specify custom DNS servers  
  --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver  
  --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:  
  -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans  
  -sU: UDP Scan  
  -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans  
  --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags  
  -sI <zombie host="">: Idle scan  
  -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans  
  -sO: IP protocol scan  
  -b <ftp host="" relay="">: FTP bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:  
  -p <port ranges="">: Only scan specified ports  
    Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9  
  -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan  
  -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize  
  --top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports  
  --port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:  
  -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info  
  -sR: Check what service uses opened ports using RPC scan  
  --version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)  
  --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)  
  --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)  
  --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:  
  -sC: equivalent to --script=default  
  --script=<lua scripts="">: <lua scripts=""> is a comma separated list of  
            directories, script-files or script-categories  
  --script-args=<n1>: provide arguments to scripts  
  --script-trace: Show all data sent and received  
  --script-updatedb: Update the script database.
OS DETECTION:  
  -O: Enable OS detection  
  --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets  
  --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:  
  Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),  
  's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).  
  -T: Set timing template (higher is faster)  
  --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes  
  --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization  
  --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies  
      probe round trip time.  
  --max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.  
  --host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long  
  --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes  
  --min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second  
  --max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:  
  -f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)  
  -D <decoy1>: Cloak a scan with decoys  
  -S <ip_address>: Spoof source address  
  -e <iface>: Use specified interface  
  -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number  
  --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets  
  --ip-options : Send packets with specified ip options  
  --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field  
  --spoof-mac <mac address="" name="">: Spoof your MAC address  
  --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:  
  -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<ript and="" filename.="" format="" given="" grepable="" kiddi3="" respectively="" the="" to="">: Output in the three major formats at once  
  -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)  
  -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)  
  --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state  
  --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports  
  --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received  
  --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)  
  --log-errors: Log errors/warnings to the normal-format output file  
  --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files  
  --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan  
  --stylesheet <path>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML  
  --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML  
  --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:  
  -6: Enable IPv6 scanning  
  -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute  
  --datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location  
  --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets  
  --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged  
  --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges  
  -V: Print version number  
  -h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:  
  nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org  
  nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8  
  nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80