增量备份等级0：相当于full backup，备份整个datafile blocks，可以作为增量备份的起点;1-4：该等级有2个备份模式差异性增量备份

测试环境：

Linux 5.4-32位，，Oracle 11.2

创建测试表空间：

SQL> create tablespace tablespace1

2 datafile '/db/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tablespace1.dbf'

3 size 10m;

Tablespace created.

SQL>

创建测试用户并指定为默认表空间：

SQL> create user user1 identified by oracle default tablespace tablespace1;

User created.

SQL>

设置该测试用户权限：

SQL> grant create session,create table,unlimited tablespace to user1;

Grant succeeded.

SQL>

用新创建的用户登录：

SQL> conn user1/

Enter password:

Connected.

SQL>

建表并写入数据：

SQL> create table table1 (id int,name varchar2(30));

Table created.

SQL> insert into table1 values(0001,'Tian');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into table1 values(0002,'zhong');

1 row created.

SQL> select * from table1;

ID NAME

---------- ------------------------------

1 Tian

2 zhong

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

配置RMAN环境变量

切换sys用户作0级备份：

利用configure命令配置RMAN环境:

RMAN>CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;#开启归档日志自动备份

RMAN>CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/db/bak/ctf/%d_ctf_bak_%F';#指定归档日志备份位置

RMAN>CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;#采用并行度为2且压缩备份集的方式备份到磁盘。

RMAN>CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/db/bak/disk1/%d_datafile_bak_%U';

RMAN>CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/db/bak/disk2/%d_datafile_bak_%U';

RMAN> show all;

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/db/bak/ctf/%d_ctf_bak_%F';

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE 2 G;

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/db/bak/disk1/%d_datafile_bak_%U';

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/db/bak/disk2/%d_datafile_bak_%U';

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default

CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default

备份全库（包括归档日志及启动参数文件等）：

RMAN>

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database plus archivelog;

Starting backup at 06-MAY-11

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

….

….（省略过程）

提示备份成功。可以再通过RMAN>list backup；查看已有备份确认（注意LV 字段全为0，为0级增量备份）。

继续往测试表中插入新数据：

SQL> insert into table1 values(3,'wang');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into table1 values(4,'newtest');

1 row created.

SQL> select * from table1;

ID NAME

---------- ------------------------------

1 Tian

2 zhong

3 wang

4 newtest

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.插入成功，并提交。

1级增量备份全库：

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database plus archivelog;

…

…

省略备份过程细节。

提示备份成功。可以再通过RMAN>list backup；查看已有备份确认（此时LV字段包含0和1，表示目前备份中已包含有0级和1级增量备份）。