Table of Contents
Define the Composite Primary Key in the Model
Handle findByPrimaryKey Correctly
Override attributes() if Needed
Avoid Using ActiveRecord Methods That Assume Single PK
Use Array Syntax for Relations (if applicable)
Home PHP Framework YII How to work with composite primary keys in Yii Active Record?

How to work with composite primary keys in Yii Active Record?

Sep 28, 2025 am 12:25 AM
yii Composite primary key

To work with composite primary keys in Yii Active Record, override the primaryKey() method to define the key columns, use findOne() with an associative array for查找, ensure key fields are included in attributes(), avoid methods assuming single PKs, and specify full column mappings in relations.

How to work with composite primary keys in Yii Active Record?

Working with composite primary keys in Yii Active Record requires a few adjustments since Yii doesn't fully support composite keys out of the box. However, you can still manage them effectively by overriding certain methods and handling queries carefully.

Define the Composite Primary Key in the Model

In your Active Record model, override the primaryKey() method to specify the composite key columns.

public static function primaryKey() { return ['column1', 'column2']; // Replace with your actual column names }

This tells Yii which columns together form the primary key.

Handle findByPrimaryKey Correctly

The findOne() method works with arrays for composite keys, but findByPrimaryKey() does not exist natively. You can mimic it using an array condition.

// Instead of $model->findByPrimaryKey(['val1', 'val2']) $model = YourModel::findOne([ 'column1' => 'val1', 'column2' => 'val2', ]);

Always pass the key values as an associative array matching the column names.

Override attributes() if Needed

If you're using safe attribute scenarios or mass assignment, ensure all key fields are included in the attributes() list, which is usually handled automatically unless you've customized it.

Avoid Using ActiveRecord Methods That Assume Single PK

Some built-in functions like save() and delete() may behave unexpectedly if Yii misidentifies the primary key. Make sure:

  • The model instance has both key fields populated when updating/deleting.
  • You’re not relying on auto-increment logic, as composite keys typically don’t use it.

Use Array Syntax for Relations (if applicable)

When defining relations involving composite keys, specify the full match in the relation method.

public function getRelatedModel() { return $this->hasOne(RelatedModel::class, [ 'fk_col1' => 'column1', 'fk_col2' => 'column2' ]); }

Basically, Yii can work with composite primary keys if you manually define the key structure and avoid assumptions about single-column PKs. It’s not fully seamless, but with proper query formatting and overrides, it's manageable.

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