How to run Composer without root or sudo?
Install Composer to the user directory instead of global, avoid using sudo; 2. Fix the permissions of Composer cache and global files to ensure that they belong to the current user; 3. Try to use Composer locally in the project to avoid global installation; 4. Optionally set COMPOSER_HOME to the user directory to fully control the storage path; 5. Never use sudo composer install, always run as an ordinary user, and correct file ownership if there is permission problem. Composer can run safely and reliably as a user as long as you avoid sudo.
You shouldn't run Composer with root
or sudo
— it's a security risk and can cause permission issues, especially when installing packages globally or managing project dependencies. Here's how to use Composer safely as a regular user.

✅ 1. Install Composer in Your User Directory
Instead of installing Composer globally (which may tempt you to use sudo
), install it locally in your user directory.
# Download Composer installer php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');" php -r "if (hash_file('sha384', 'composer-setup.php') === 'e21205b207c3ff031906575712edab6f13eb0b361f2085f1f1237b7126d785e826a4d0cc2970d5de3a5349bd66705337') { echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt'; unlink('composer-setup.php'); } echo PHP_EOL;" php composer-setup.php php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php');"
This creates a composer.phar
file in your current directory. Move it to a location in your $PATH
under your user directory:

mv composer.phar ~/bin/composer
If
~/bin
doesn't exist, create it and add it to your shell path:mkdir -p ~/bin echo 'export PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc source ~/.bashrc
Now you can run composer
directly without sudo
.

✅ 2. Fix Permissions for Composer's Cache and Global Installations
Composer stores global files (like ~/.composer
) and cache in your home directory. If these were previously created with sudo
, they may be owned by root
. Fix that:
sudo chown -R $(whoami) ~/.composer sudo chown -R $(whoami) ~/.cache/composer
Note: The cache path may vary, but is typically
~/.cache/composer
on Linux or~/Library/Caches/composer
on macOS.
After this, Composer can read and write its cache and config as your user.
✅ 3. Use Composer Locally Per Project
Avoid global installations when possible. Instead of:
sudo composer global require drush/drush
Do this:
# Install in your project composer requires drush/drush
Then run it via:
./vendor/bin/drush
This keeps everything contained and doesn't require elevated privileges.
✅ 4. (Optional) Set a Custom COMPOSER_HOME
If you want full control over where Composer stores global data:
export COMPOSER_HOME="$HOME/.config/composer" mkdir -p "$COMPOSER_HOME"
Add this to your ~/.bashrc
or shell config so it persists. This ensures Composer never touches system directories.
✅ 5. Never Use sudo composer install
in Projects
Running sudo composer install
in a project:
- Makes files owned by
root
- Can break your app (eg, web server can't read files)
- Is completely unnecessary
Always run:
composer install
as your regular user. If you get permission errors, fix the file ownership instead:
sudo chown -R $(whoami) .
in the project directory.
Basically, just avoid sudo
entirely with Composer — it's not needed. Install it locally, fix ownership if corrupted, and let it run as your user. It's safer and more predictable.
The above is the detailed content of How to run Composer without root or sudo?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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