我想在chazomaticus 的出色答案中添加一件事一个>：

也不要忘记 META 标记（像这样，或者它的 HTML4 或 XHTML 版本):

这看起来微不足道，但 IE7 之前曾给我带来过问题。

我做的一切都是正确的；数据库、数据库连接和Content-Type HTTP标头都设置为UTF-8，在所有其他浏览器中都运行良好，但Internet Explorer仍然坚持使用“西欧”编码。

原来该页面缺少 META 标记。添加即可解决问题。

编辑：

W3C 实际上有一个相当大的专门讨论 I18N 的部分。他们有许多与此问题相关的文章 - 描述了 HTTP、(X)HTML 和 CSS 方面的内容：

• 常见问题解答：将 (X)HTML 页面编码更改为 UTF-8
• 在 HTML 中声明字符编码
• 教程：XHTML、HTML 和 CSS 中的字符集和编码
• 设置 HTTP 字符集参数

他们建议同时使用 HTTP 标头和 HTML 元标记（或者在 XHTML 充当 XML 的情况下使用 XML 声明）。

数据存储：

• Specify theutf8mb4character set on all tables and text columns in your database. This makes MySQL physically store and retrieve values encoded natively in UTF-8. Note that MySQL will implicitly useutf8mb4encoding if autf8mb4_*collation is specified (without any explicit character set).

• In older versions of MySQL (< 5.5.3), you'll unfortunately be forced to use simplyutf8, which only supports a subset of Unicode characters. I wish I were kidding.

数据访问：

• In your application code (e.g. PHP), in whatever DB access method you use, you'll need to set the connection charset toutf8mb4. This way, MySQL does no conversion from its native UTF-8 when it hands data off to your application and vice versa.

• 某些驱动程序提供自己的机制来配置连接字符集，该机制既更新其自身的内部状态，又通知 MySQL 连接上要使用的编码 - 这通常是首选方法。在 PHP 中：

  • If you're using thePDOabstraction layer with PHP ≥ 5.3.6, you can specifycharsetin theDSN:

    $dbh = new PDO('mysql:charset=utf8mb4');

  • If you're usingmysqli, you can callset_charset():

    $mysqli->set_charset('utf8mb4'); // object oriented style mysqli_set_charset($link, 'utf8mb4'); // procedural style

  • If you're stuck with plainmysqlbut happen to be running PHP ≥ 5.2.3, you can callmysql_set_charset.

• If the driver does not provide its own mechanism for setting the connection character set, you may have to issue a query to tell MySQL how your application expects data on the connection to be encoded:SET NAMES 'utf8mb4'.

• The same consideration regardingutf8mb4/utf8applies as above.

输出：

• UTF-8 should be set in the HTTP header, such asContent-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8. You can achieve that either by settingdefault_charsetin php.ini (preferred), or manually usingheader()function.
• 如果您的应用程序将文本传输到其他系统，它们还需要了解字符编码。对于 Web 应用程序，必须告知浏览器发送数据的编码（通过 HTTP 响应标头或HTML 元数据）。
• When encoding the output usingjson_encode(), addJSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODEas a second parameter.

输入：

• 浏览器将以为文档指定的字符集提交数据，因此无需对输入执行任何特殊操作。
• In case you have doubts about request encoding (in case it could be tampered with), you may verify every received string as being valid UTF-8 before you try to store it or use it anywhere. PHP'smb_check_encoding()does the trick, but you have to use it religiously. There's really no way around this, as malicious clients can submit data in whatever encoding they want, and I haven't found a trick to get PHP to do this for you reliably.

其他代码注意事项：

• 显然，您将提供的所有文件（PHP、HTML、JavaScript 等）都应使用有效的 UTF-8 进行编码。

• You need to make sure that every time you process a UTF-8 string, you do so safely. This is, unfortunately, the hard part. You'll probably want to make extensive use of PHP'smbstringextension.

• PHP's built-in string operations arenotby default UTF-8 safe.There are some things you can safely do with normal PHP string operations (like concatenation), but for most things you should use the equivalentmbstringfunction.

• 要知道您在做什么（阅读：不要搞砸），您确实需要了解 UTF-8 以及它如何在尽可能最低的级别上工作。查看utf8.com中的任何链接，获取一些很好的资源，以了解您需要了解的所有内容。 p>