看问题应该是对Map里面的key进行排序，可以使用Treemap，因为看key的结构是string+int，根据int排序，所以可能需要自己写个比较器。
大致的代码，比较器写的比较简单，就是拆了一下，可能需要根据你的实际情况调整

TreeMap<String,Object> treemap = new TreeMap<String,Object>(
    new Comparator<String>() {
         @Override
         public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
             Integer i1 = Integer.parseInt(o1.substring(4));
             Integer i2 = Integer.parseInt(o2.substring(4));
             return i1.compareTo(i2);
         }
    }
);
treemap.put("TIME21",0);
treemap.put("TIME11",0);
treemap.put("TIME1",0);
treemap.put("TIME2",0);

如非必须要使用Map，建议使用对象代替Map

  List<Map<String, Object>> list = new ArrayList<>();
        Map<String, Object> map1 = new HashMap<>();
        Map<String, Object> map2 = new HashMap<>();
        Map<String, Object> map3 = new HashMap<>();
        map1.put("TIME1", 1);
        map2.put("TIME13", 2);
        map3.put("TIME15", 3);

        list.add(map3);
        list.add(map2);
        list.add(map1);

        System.out.println(list);
        list.sort(new Comparator<Map<String, Object>>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(Map<String, Object> o1, Map<String, Object> o2) {
                String s1 = "";
                for (String s : o1.keySet()) {
                    s1 = s;
                }
                String s2 = "";
                for (String s : o2.keySet()) {
                    s2 = s;
                }
                //获取TIME字符串后面的数字
                Integer i1 = Integer.parseInt(s1.substring(4));
                Integer i2 = Integer.parseInt(s2.substring(4));
                return i1.compareTo(i2);
            }
        });
        System.out.println("--------------");
        System.out.println(list);