So installieren Sie MySQL offline in Centos: 1. Laden Sie alle Abhängigkeiten in der Bibliothek hoch und installieren Sie sie mit dem Befehl yum. 2. Entpacken Sie MySQL und kopieren Sie die Datei in das Verzeichnis, das Sie installieren möchten .cnf-Konfigurationsdatei; 4. Kopieren Sie das Startskript in das Ressourcenverzeichnis und ändern Sie das Startskript. 5. Fügen Sie den MySQL-Client zur Umgebungsvariablen hinzu.
Die Betriebsumgebung dieses Tutorials: CentOS 7-System, MySQL Version 5.6, Dell G3-Computer.
Wie installiere ich MySQL offline in Centos?
centOS 7 Offline-Installation von MySQL 5.6
Bereiten Sie die Umgebung vor
1. Offline-CentOS 7 (CentOS 7-Mindestinstallation hier)
2. Nginx-Installationsdatei (mysql-5.6.51-linux- glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz wurde im folgenden Link platziert. Bitte laden Sie es selbst herunter oder besuchen Sie die offizielle Website, um die neueste Version herunterzuladen.
3. Das Nginx-Abhängigkeitspaket befindet sich derzeit im lib-Verzeichnis Laden Sie es selbst herunter)
Derzeit können alle für die Installation erforderlichen Pakete und Abhängigkeiten entsprechend der entsprechenden Software unter der folgenden Adresse heruntergeladen werden
https://gitee.com/livekeys/linux-offline-installation-software
Überprüfen Sie vorher, ob mariadb vorhanden ist, und löschen Sie es, falls vorhanden , und löschen Sie die vorherige Konfigurationsdatei /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb* mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs --nodeps [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb* [root@localhost ~]# rm -f /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost ~]#
Laden Sie alle Abhängigkeiten in lib unter Linux hoch und installieren Sie sie mit Befehlen
[root@localhost lib]# yum -y localinstall *.rpm
1. Entpacken und kopieren Sie die Datei. Gehen Sie in das Verzeichnis, das Sie installieren möchten (hier verwende ich /opt/mysql als Installationsverzeichnis)
[root@localhost mysql_install]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@localhost mysql_install]# ls lib mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@localhost mysql_install]# cp -R mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /opt/mysql [root@localhost mysql_install]# cd /opt/mysql [root@localhost mysql]# ls bin data docs include lib LICENSE man mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files
2 Erstellen Sie eine neue MySQL-Gruppe und einen neuen MySQL-Benutzer und ersetzen Sie das MySQL-Verzeichnis durch die MySQL-Benutzergruppe
[root@localhost mysql]# groupadd mysql [root@localhost mysql]# useradd -g mysql mysql [root@localhost mysql]# cd .. [root@localhost opt]# ls mysql [root@localhost opt]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql [root@localhost opt]# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 13 mysql mysql 191 Mar 23 01:42 mysql [root@localhost opt]# cd mysql [root@localhost mysql]# ll total 224 drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 bin drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 18 Mar 23 01:42 data drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 55 Mar 23 01:42 docs drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 include drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 lib -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 200256 Mar 23 01:42 LICENSE drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 30 Mar 23 01:42 man drwxr-xr-x. 10 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 mysql-test -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 566 Mar 23 01:42 README drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 30 Mar 23 01:42 scripts drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 share drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 sql-bench drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 136 Mar 23 01:42 support-files
3. Erstellen Sie ein neues /var/. Das lib/mysql-Verzeichnis wird zum Speichern von mysq.sock verwendet (Sie können auch andere Verzeichnisse erstellen) und ändern Sie die Gruppe des Verzeichnisses in myql
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql [root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql [root@localhost mysql]# ls -al /var/lib/mysql total 4 drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Mar 23 01:51 . drwxr-xr-x. 26 root root 4096 Mar 23 01:51 ..
4 Verzeichnis und initialisieren Sie MySQL Punkte:
socket Schreiben Sie unseren dritten Schritt oben. Das neu erstellte Verzeichnisbasedir ist das MySQL-Installationsverzeichnisdatadir ist das Datenverzeichnis (hier ist das Datenverzeichnis unter dem MySQL-Installationsverzeichnis) li>
[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data Installing MySQL system tables...2022-03-23 01:53:51 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2022-03-23 01:53:51 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 0 [Note] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.51) starting as process 13346 ... 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created! 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait... 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.51 started; log sequence number 0 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] Binlog end 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977 OK Filling help tables...2022-03-23 01:53:53 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2022-03-23 01:53:53 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 0 [Note] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.51) starting as process 13368 ... 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.51 started; log sequence number 1625977 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] Binlog end 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2022-03-23 01:53:55 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987 OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: /opt/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. You can start the MySQL daemon with: cd . ; /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe & You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/ The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at http://www.mysql.com Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com New default config file was created as /opt/mysql/my.cnf and will be used by default by the server when you start it. You may edit this file to change server settings
[root@localhost mysql]# cp ./support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost mysql]# chmod 644 /etc/my.cnf
[mysql] # 设置mysql客户端默认字符集 default-character-set=utf8 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] skip-name-resolve #设置 13306 端口 port = 13306 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # 设置mysql的安装目录 basedir=/opt/mysql # 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录 datadir=/opt/mysql/data # 允许最大连接数 max_connections=200 # 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集 character-set-server=utf8 # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎 default-storage-engine=INNODB lower_case_table_name=1 max_allowed_packet=16M
[root@localhost mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld [root@localhost mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld [root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
socket 写上面我们第三步新建的那个目录basedir 为 mysql 安装目录datadir 为数据目录（这里是 mysql 安装目录下的 data 目录）[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
5、复制启动脚本到资源目录
basedir=/opt/mysql datadir=/opt/mysql/data
6、修改启动脚本
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
systemd configuration.
If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
To see services enabled on particular target use
'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off注：因为，我没有将 mysql 安装在 /usr/local/mysql 目录下，所以在启动文件里需要修改以下两个值
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysql
● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-03-23 02:11:17 EDT; 5s ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 13452 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
├─13463 /bin/sh /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --pid-file=/opt/mysql/data/lo...
└─13688 /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/opt/mys...
Mar 23 02:11:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
Mar 23 02:11:16 localhost.localdomain mysqld[13452]: Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/mysql/data/localhost....r'.
Mar 23 02:11:17 localhost.localdomain mysqld[13452]: SUCCESS!
Mar 23 02:11:17 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.7、将 mysqld 服务加入到系统服务里面
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/profile # 在末尾增加以下两行 export MYSQL_HOME=/opt/mysql export PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH [root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profile
8、使用命令 systemctl 启动 mysql 服务（Active 状态为 active (running) 即为启动成功）
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.51 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
9、将 mysql 客户端配置到环境变量中，并使配置生效
mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> update user set password=password('P@ssw0rd') where user='root' and host='localhost'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
10、测试是否能连接 mysql
注：第一次登录不需要密码，直接回车就行
mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'P@ssw0rd' with grant option; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
11、配置 root 账号的密码为 P@ssw0rd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysql [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.51 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
rrreee
9. Konfigurieren Sie den MySQL-Client in der Umgebungsvariablen und sorgen Sie dafür, dass die Konfiguration wirksam wird rrreee10. Testen Sie, ob Sie eine Verbindung zu MySQL herstellen können
Hinweis: Für die erste Anmeldung ist kein Passwort erforderlich. Drücken Sie einfach die Eingabetaste code>P@ssw0rd
rrreee12. Richten Sie die Remote-Host-Anmeldung ein🎜rrreee
13. Starten Sie den MySQL-Dienst neu und testen Sie die Anmeldung. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt ist MySQL 5.6 abgeschlossen Es gibt Fehler, bitte hinterlassen Sie eine Nachricht, um mich zu korrigieren, danke!Empfohlenes Lernen: „MySQL-Video-Tutorial
“
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