Eine kurze Diskussion über den Nodejs-Beobachter pattern_node.js

$( 'input' ).on( 'keyup', function(){
   console.log( this.value );
} );

var dialog = new Dialog({
  content: '这里是弹出框的内容',
  show: function(){
    console.log( '当弹框时输出此段内容' );
  }
});

var Events = {
  on: function( name, callback){
    this._events = this._events || {};
    this._events[ name ] = this._events[ name ] || [];
    this._events[ name ].push( callback );
  },
  emit: function( name ){
    this._events = this._events || {};
    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call( arguments, 1 ),
       me = this;
    if( this._events[ name ] ){
      $.each( this._events[ name ], function( k, v ){
        v.call( me, args );
      } )
    }
  }   
}

function extend( source ){
  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call( arguments, 1 );
  for( var i = 0, parent; parent = args[i]; i++ ){
    for( var prop in parent ){
      source[ prop ] = parent[ prop ];
    }
  }
}

.dialog{
  position: fixed;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  margin: -50px 0 0 -100px;
  width: 200px;
  height: 120px;
  background: #fff;
  border: 5px solid #afafaf;
}

var Dialog = function( config ){
  this.config = config;
  this.init( this.config );
};

extend( Dialog.prototype, {

  init: function( config ){
    this.render( config )
  },

  render: function( config ){
    this.el = $( '<div>' ).addClass( 'dialog' );
    this.el.html( config.content );
    $( 'body' ).append( this.el );
  },

  show: function( param ){
    this.el.fadeIn();
    this.emit( 'show', param );
  },

  hide: function( param ){
    this.el.fadeOut();
    this.emit( 'hide', param );
  }

}, Events );

var dialog = window.dialog = new Dialog({
  content: 'dialog one'
});

dialog.on( 'show', function( txt ){
  console.log( 'dialog show one ' + txt );
} );

//do something

dialog.on( 'show', function( txt ){
  console.log( 'dialog show two ' + txt );
} );

//do something

dialog.on( 'show', function( txt ){
  console.log( 'dialog show three ' + txt );
} );

//do something

dialog.on( 'hide', function( txt ){
  console.log( 'dialog hide one ' + txt );
} );

//do something

dialog.on( 'hide', function( txt ){
  console.log( 'dialog hide two ' + txt );
} );

//do something

dialog.on( 'hide', function( txt ){
  console.log( 'dialog hide three ' + txt );
} );

var Events = require( 'events' );
console.log( Events );
/*
输出如下数据，可以看出 Events指向其EventEmiter
{ [Function: EventEmitter]
  EventEmitter: [Circular],
  usingDomains: [Getter/Setter],
  defaultMaxListeners: 10,
  init: [Function],
  listenerCount: [Function] }
*/

var myEmitter = new Events();
console.log( myEmitter );
/*
{ domain: null,
  _events: {},   //可以看到实例本身也有_events属性，添加的监听的事件就保存在这里
  _maxListeners: undefined}
*/

console.log( myEmitter.__proto__ );
/*
{ domain: undefined,
  _events: undefined,
  _maxListeners: undefined,
  setMaxListeners: [Function: setMaxListeners],
  emit: [Function: emit],
  addListener: [Function: addListener],
  on: [Function: addListener],
  once: [Function: once],
  removeListener: [Function: removeListener],
  removeAllListeners: [Function: removeAllListeners],
  listeners: [Function: listeners] }
*/

myEmitter.on( 'show', function( txt ){ console.log( 'one ' + txt )})
myEmitter.on( 'show', function( txt ){ console.log( 'tow ' + txt )})
myEmitter.on( 'hide', function( txt ){ console.log( 'one ' + txt )})
myEmitter.emit( 'show', 'show' );
myEmitter.setMaxListeners( 10 );
console.log( myEmitter );
/*
{ domain: null,
  _events: { show: [ [Function], [Function] ], hide: [Function] }, //添加后的事情，以json形式存放
  _maxListeners: 10 }
*/

property
_events: undefined,   //以压栈形式存放on进来的事件
_maxListeners: undefined  //设置最大监听数，超出提warn

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

method
setMaxListeners: [Function: setMaxListeners], 
/*设置私有属性_maxListeners的值，默认Events会在当某监听事件多于10个时发现警告(见上面Events.defaultMaxListeners)，以防止内存泄露，如
(node) warning: possible EventEmitter memory leak detected. 11 show listeners added. Use emitter.setMaxListeners() to increase limit.
但这只是个友好的提醒，可以通过设置最大监听数来规避这个问题
myEmitter.setMaxListeners( 20 );
*/

emit: [Function: emit],
 /*触发监听事件
emitter.emit( event, [arg1], [arg2], ... )
如myEmitter.on( 'show', 'prompt content' );
 参数1为事件名，参数二供on回调里的参数
 */

addListener: [Function: addListener],
 /*
添加监听事件
emitter.addListener( event, listener );
如 myEmitter.addListener( 'show', function( txt ){ console.log( txt ) } );
参数一是事件名，参数二是对应的回调，回调里的参数就是 emit里的arguments.prototype.slice.call(1);
 */

on: [Function: addListener],
 /*
是addListener简写
 */

once: [Function: once],
 /*
作用同 on，不过emit一次后就失效了
emitter.once( event, listener );
如 myEmitter.once( 'show', function( txt ){ console.log( txt ) } );
当myEmitter.emit执行第二次时没有输出
 */

removeListener: [Function: removeListener],
 /*
移除指定事件的指定回调，此时回调不能再用匿名函数。
emitter.removeListener( event, listener );
如 
function show( txt ){ console.log( txt ) };
myEmitter.on( 'show', show );
console.log( myEmitter._events ); 
// { show: [ Function: show ] }
myEmitter.removeListener( 'show', show );  
 console.log( myEmitter._events ); 
// {}
 */

removeAllListeners: [Function: removeAllListeners],
 /*
 删除指定事件的所有回调
 emitter.removeAllListeners( [ event ] );
 如 
  myEmitter.removeAllListeners( 'show' );   //删除所有show监听
  myEmitter.removeAllListeners();   //删除所有监听
 */

listeners: [Function: listeners]
/*
查看指定监听
emitter.listeners( event );
如 myEmitter.listeners( 'show' ); //返回一个数组
同我们前面使用的 myEmitter._events[ 'show' ]
*/

另外Events类本身提供了一个方法
Events.listenerCount( emitter, event ); 获取指定实例下指定监听数
如 Event.listenerCount( myEmitter, 'show' )

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

还有两个event
newListener / remoteListener，分别应用于为实例添加（ on / once ）和删除( removeListener ) 操作。
emitter.on( event, listener );
emitter.on( 'newListener', function( event, listener ){
  console.log( emitter.listeners( 'show' ) );   //注意，此时监听还并没有添加到 emitter.listeners
  console.log( arguments );  
 });

 emitter.on( 'removeListener', function(){
  console.log( emitter.listeners( 'show' ) );
  console.log( arguments );
 })

var Dialog = function(){
  //do something
}

//抽象apply函数，提供属性的深度复制，同上面的extend
function apply( source ){
  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call( arguments, 1 );
  for( var i = 0, parent; parent = args[i]; i++ ){
    for( var prop in parent ){
      source[ prop ] = parent[ prop ];
    }
  }
}

//抽象extend函数，用于实现继承
var extend = function(){
  // inline overrides
  var io = function(o){
    for(var m in o){
      this[m] = o[m];
    }
  };
  var oc = Object.prototype.constructor;

  return function(sb, sp, overrides){
    if(typeof sp == 'object'){
      overrides = sp;
      sp = sb;
      sb = overrides.constructor != oc ? overrides.constructor : function(){sp.apply(this, arguments);};
    }
    var F = function(){},
      sbp,
      spp = sp.prototype;

    F.prototype = spp;
    sbp = sb.prototype = new F();
    sbp.constructor=sb;
    sb.superclass=spp;
    if(spp.constructor == oc){
      spp.constructor=sp;
    }
    sb.override = function(o){
      apply(sb, o);
    };
    sbp.superclass = sbp.supr = (function(){
      return spp;
    });
    sbp.override = io;
    apply(sb, overrides);
    sb.extend = function(o){return extend(sb, o);};
    return sb;
  };
}();

//将Events属性继承给Dialog
Dialog = extend( Dialog, Events );

//为Dialog新增 method show，其内触发 event show
Dialog.prototype.show = function( txt ){
  this.emit( 'show', txt );
}

var dialog = new Dialog();

//添加监听事件show
dialog.on( 'show', function(txt){ console.log( txt )});

//执行method show时，就会触发其内定义的show events，输出 this is show
dialog.show( 'this is show' );