Zwei Möglichkeiten, MySQL unter Linux zu installieren

mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

MySQL-server-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-client-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
*可见已经安装了库文件，应该先卸载，不然会出现覆盖错误。注意卸:载时使用了--nodeps选项，忽略了依赖关系：
[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64 --nodeps

[root@localhost JavaEE]#groupadd mysql
[root@localhost JavaEE]#useradd -r -g mysql mysql
*useradd -r参数表示mysql用户是系统用户，不可用于登录系统。

[root@localhost local]#cd mysql
[root@localhost mysql]#chown -R mysql .
[root@localhost mysql]#chgrp -R mysql .

[root@localhost mysql]scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
*如果mysql的安装目录（解压目录）不是/usr/local/mysql，那么还必须指定目录参数，如
[root@localhost mysql]scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql \
         --basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql \
         --datadir=/opt/mysql/mysql/data*将mysql/目录下除了data/目录的所有文件，改回root用户所有，mysql用户只需作为mysql/data/目录下所有文件的所有者。
[root@localhost mysql]chown -R root .
[root@localhost mysql]chown -R mysql data

[root@localhost mysql] cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

*首先需要将scripts/mysql.server服务脚本复制到/etc/init.d/，并重命名为mysqld。
[root@localhostmysql]  cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/
mysqld
*通过chkconfig命令将mysqld服务加入到自启动服务项中。
[root@localhost mysql]#chkconfig --add 
mysqld
*注意服务名称mysqld就是我们将mysql.server复制到/etc/init.d/时重命名的名称。
*查看是否添加成功
[root@localhost mysql]#chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld   0:off 1:off        2:on        3:on        4:on        5:on        6:off
i.  重启系统，mysqld就会自动启动了。
*检查是否启动
[root@localhost mysql]#netstat -anp|grep mysqld
tcp        0     0 0.0.0.0:3306               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2365/mysqld        
unix  2     [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     14396 2365/mysqld        /tmp/mysql.sock
*如果不想重新启动，那可以直接手动启动。
[root@localhost mysql]#service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
j.       运行客户端程序mysql，在mysql/bin目录中，测试能否连接到mysqld。
[root@localhost mysql]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
Welcome to the MySQLmonitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection idis 2
Server version:5.5.29-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2012,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registeredtrademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may betrademarks of their respective owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' forhelp. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> quit
Bye
*此时会出现mysql>命令提示符，可以输入sql语句，输入quit或exit退出。为了避免每次都输入mysql的全路径/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql，可将其加入环境变量中，在/etc/profile最后加入两行命令：
MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
这样就可以在shell中直接输入mysql命令来启动客户端程序了
[root@localhost mysql]#mysql
Welcome to the MySQLmonitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection idis 3
Server version:5.5.29-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2012,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registeredtrademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other namesmay be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' forhelp. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
可见已经安装了库文件，应该先卸载，不然会出现覆盖错误。注意卸载时使用了--nodeps选项，忽略了依赖关系：
[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64 --nodeps

[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
安装完成后，安装进程会在Linux中添加一个mysql组，以及属于mysql组的用户mysql。可通过id命令查看：
[root@localhost JavaEE]#id mysql
uid=496(mysql)gid=493(mysql) groups=493(mysql)
MySQL服务器安装之后虽然配置了相关文件，但并没有自动启动mysqld服务，需自行启动：
[root@localhost JavaEE]#service mysql start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
可通过检查端口是否开启来查看MySQL是否正常启动：
[root@localhost JavaEE]#netstat -anp|grep 3306
tcp        0     0 0.0.0.0:3306               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      34693/mysqld

[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
如果安装成功应该可以运行mysql命令，注意必须是mysqld服务以及开启：
[root@localhost JavaEE]#mysql
Welcome to the MySQLmonitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection idis 1
Server version: 5.5.29MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2012,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademarkof Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks oftheir respective owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' forhelp. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>