Einführung in den Betrieb von Bibliothekstabellen in einer MySQL-Datenbank (Codebeispiel)

1 查看数据库
show databases;
show create database db1;
select database();

2 选择数据库
USE 数据库名

3 删除数据库
DROP DATABASE 数据库名;

4 修改数据库
alter database db1 charset utf8;

#语法：
create table 表名(
字段名1 类型[(宽度) 约束条件],
字段名2 类型[(宽度) 约束条件],
字段名3 类型[(宽度) 约束条件]
);

#注意：
1. 在同一张表中，字段名是不能相同
2. 宽度和约束条件可选、非必须，宽度指的就是字段长度约束，例如：char(10)里面的10
3. 字段名和类型是必须的

# 事例

mysql> create database db1 charset utf8;

mysql> use db1;

mysql> create table t1(  
    -> id int, 
    -> name varchar(50),
    -> sex enum('male','female'),
    -> age int(3)
    -> );

mysql> show tables; #查看db1库下所有表名

mysql> desc t1;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type                  | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)               | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(50)           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex   | enum('male','female') | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | int(3)                | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

mysql> select id,name,sex,age from t1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select id,name from t1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> describe t1; #查看表结构，可简写为：desc 表名
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type                  | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)               | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(50)           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex   | enum('male','female') | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | int(3)                | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+


mysql> show create table t1\G; #查看表详细结构，可加\G

mysql> insert into t1 values
    -> (1,'chao',18,'male'),
    -> (2,'sb',81,'female')
    -> ;
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+------+--------+
| id   | name | age  | sex    |
+------+------+------+--------+
|    1 | chao |   18 | male   |
|    2 | sb |   81 | female |
+------+------+------+--------+



mysql> insert into t1(id) values 
    -> (3),
    -> (4);
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+------+--------+
| id   | name | age  | sex    |
+------+------+------+--------+
|    1 | chao |   18 | male   |
|    2 | sb |   81 | female |
|    3 | NULL | NULL | NULL   |
|    4 | NULL | NULL | NULL   |
+------+------+------+--------+