SQL-Anweisungen, die die MySQL-Datenbank kennen muss

drop table if exists users; 
create table if not exists users( 
  id int(5) primary key auto_increment, 
  name varchar(10) unique not null,   
  gender varchar(1) not null, 
  sal int(5) not null 
); 
insert into users(name,gender,sal) values('AA','男',1000); 
insert into users(name,gender,sal) values('BB','女',1200);

drop table if exists users; 
create table if not exists users( 
  id int(5) primary key auto_increment, 
  name varchar(10) unique not null,   
  gender varchar(1) not null, 
  sal int(5) not null 
); 
insert into users(name,gender,sal) values('AA','男',1000); 
insert into users(name,gender,sal) values('BB','女',1200); 
drop table if exists cards; 
create table if not exists cards( 
  id int(5) primary key auto_increment, 
  num int(3) not null unique, 
  loc varchar(10) not null, 
  uid int(5) not null unique, 
  constraint uid_fk foreign key(uid) references users(id) 
); 
insert into cards(num,loc,uid) values(111,'北京',1); 
insert into cards(num,loc,uid) values(222,'上海',2);

select u.name "姓名",c.num "身份证号" 
from users u inner join cards c 
on u.id = c.uid 
where u.name = 'AA'; 
-- 
select u.name "姓名",c.num "身份证号" 
from users u inner join cards c 
on u.id = c.uid 
where name = 'AA';

drop table if exists groups; 
create table if not exists groups( 
  id int(5) primary key auto_increment, 
  name varchar(10) not null 
); 
insert into groups(name) values('开发部'); 
insert into groups(name) values('销售部');

drop table if exists emps; 
create table if not exists emps( 
  id int(5) primary key auto_increment, 
  name varchar(10) not null, 
  gid int(5) not null, 
  constraint gid_fk foreign key(gid) references groups(id) 
); 
insert into emps(name,gid) values('哈哈',1); 
insert into emps(name,gid) values('呵呵',1); 
insert into emps(name,gid) values('嘻嘻',2); 
insert into emps(name,gid) values('笨笨',2);

select g.name "部门",e.name "员工" 
from groups g inner join emps e 
on g.id = e.gid 
where g.name = '开发部'; 
-- 
select g.name "部门",e.name "员工" 
from groups g inner join emps e 
on g.id = e.gid 
where g.name = '开发部';

drop table if exists students; 
create table if not exists students( 
  id int(5) primary key auto_increment, 
  name varchar(10) not null 
); 
insert into students(name) values('哈哈'); 
insert into students(name) values('嘻嘻');

drop table if exists teachers; 
create table if not exists teachers( 
  id int(5) primary key auto_increment, 
  name varchar(10) not null 
); 
insert into teachers(name) values('赵'); 
insert into teachers(name) values('刘');

drop table if exists middles; 
create table if not exists middles( 
  sid int(5), 
  constraint sid_fk foreign key(sid) references students(id), 
  tid int(5), 
  constraint tid_fk foreign key(tid) references teachers(id), 
  primary key(sid,tid)  
); 
insert into middles(sid,tid) values(1,1); 
insert into middles(sid,tid) values(1,2); 
insert into middles(sid,tid) values(2,1); 
insert into middles(sid,tid) values(2,2);

select t.name "老师",s.name "学生" 
from students s inner join middles m inner join teachers t 
on (s.id=m.sid) and (m.tid=t.id) 
where t.name = '赵'; 
-- 
select t.name "老师",s.name "学生" 
from students s inner join middles m inner join teachers t  
on (s.id=m.sid) and (t.id=m.tid) 
where t.name = "赵";

select c.name "客户姓名",o.isbn "订单编号",o.price "订单价格" 
from customers c inner join orders o 
on c.id = o.customers_id; 
-- 
select c.name "客户姓名",o.isbn "订单编号",o.price "订单价格" 
from customers c inner join orsers o 
on c.id = o.customers_id;

<左外连接 : 以左侧为参照，left outer join表示 
select c.name,count(o.isbn) 
from customers c left outer join orders o 
on c.id = o.customers_id 
group by c.name; 
-- 
>右外连接 : 以右侧为参照，right outer join表示 
select c.name,count(o.isbn) 
from orders o right outer join customers c 
on c.id = o.customers_id 
group by c.name;

select users.ename,bosss.ename 
from emps users inner join emps bosss 
on users.mgr = bosss.empno; 
select users.ename,bosss.ename 
from emps users left outer join emps bosss 
on users.mgr = bosss.empno;

select addtime('2016-8-7 23:23:23','1:1:1');  时间相加 
select current_date(); 
select current_time(); 
select now(); 
select year( now() ); 
select month( now() ); 
select day( now() ); 
select datediff('2016-12-31',now());

select charset('哈哈'); 
select concat('你好','哈哈','吗'); 
select instr('www.baidu.com','baidu'); 
select substring('www.baidu.com',5,3);

select bin(10); 
select floor(3.14);//比3.14小的最大整数---正3 
select floor(-3.14);//比-3.14小的最大整数---负4 
select ceiling(3.14);//比3.14大的最小整数---正4 
select ceiling(-3.14);//比-3.14大的最小整数---负3，一定是整数值 
select format(3.1415926,3);保留小数点后3位，四舍五入 
select mod(10,3);//取余数 
select rand();//

use json; 
drop table if exists users; 
create table if not exists users( 
  id int(5) primary key auto_increment, 
  name varchar(10) not null unique, 
  sal int(5) 
); 
insert into users(name,sal) values('哈哈',3000); 
insert into users(name,sal) values('呵呵',4000); 
insert into users(name,sal) values('嘻嘻',5000); 
insert into users(name,sal) values('笨笨',6000); 
insert into users(name,sal) values('明明',7000); 
insert into users(name,sal) values('丝丝',8000); 
insert into users(name,sal) values('君君',9000); 
insert into users(name,sal) values('赵赵',10000); 
insert into users(name,sal) values('无名',NULL);

select name "姓名",sal "薪水", 
    if(sal>=5000,"高薪","起薪") "描述" 
from users;

select name "姓名",ifnull(sal,"无薪") "薪水" 
from users;

select name "姓名",sal "薪水", 
    case when sal>=5000 then "高薪" 
    else "起薪" end "描述" 
from users;