45 Tipps zur JavaScript-Entwicklung

[10] === 10    // is false
[10]  == 10    // is true
'10' == 10     // is true
'10' === 10    // is false
 []   == 0     // is true
 [] ===  0     // is false
 '' == false   // is true but true == "a" is false
 '' === false  // is false

function Person(firstName, lastName){
    this.firstName =  firstName;
    this.lastName = lastName;
}
var Saad = new Person("Saad", "Mousliki");

var arr = ["a", "b", "c"];
typeof arr;   // 返回 "object" 
arr instanceof Array // true
arr.constructor();  //[]

(function(){
    // 置于此处的代码将自动执行
})();  
(function(a,b){
    var result = a+b;
    return result;
})(10,20)

var items = [12, 548 , 'a' , 2 , 5478 , 'foo' , 8852, , 'Doe' , 2145 , 119];
var  randomItem = items[Math.floor(Math.random() * items.length)];

var x = Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;

var numbersArray = [] , max = 100;
for( var i=1; numbersArray.push(i++) < max;);  // numbers = [1,2,3 ... 100]

function generateRandomAlphaNum(len) {
    var rdmString = "";
    for( ; rdmString.length < len; rdmString  += Math.random().toString(36).substr(2));
    return  rdmString.substr(0, len);
}

var numbers = [5, 458 , 120 , -215 , 228 , 400 , 122205, -85411];
numbers = numbers.sort(function(){ return Math.random() - 0.5});
/* numbers 数组将类似于 [120, 5, 228, -215, 400, 458, -85411, 122205]  */

String.prototype.trim = function(){return this.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, "");};

var array1 = [12 , "foo" , {name "Joe"} , -2458];
var array2 = ["Doe" , 555 , 100];
Array.prototype.push.apply(array1, array2);
/* array1 值为  [12 , "foo" , {name "Joe"} , -2458 , "Doe" , 555 , 100] */

var argArray = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);

function isNumber(n){
    return !isNaN(parseFloat(n)) && isFinite(n);
}

function isArray(obj){
    return Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) === '[object Array]' ;
}

Array.isArray(obj); // its a new Array method

var myFrame = document.createElement('iframe');
document.body.appendChild(myFrame);
var myArray = window.frames[window.frames.length-1].Array;
var arr = new myArray(a,b,10); // [a,b,10]  
// myArray 的构造器已经丢失，instanceof 的结果将不正常
// 构造器是不能跨 frame 共享的
arr instanceof Array; // false

var  numbers = [5, 458 , 120 , -215 , 228 , 400 , 122205, -85411]; 
var maxInNumbers = Math.max.apply(Math, numbers); 
var minInNumbers = Math.min.apply(Math, numbers);

var myArray = [12 , 222 , 1000 ];  
myArray.length = 0; // myArray will be equal to [].

var items = [12, 548 ,'a' , 2 , 5478 , 'foo' , 8852, , 'Doe' ,2154 , 119 ]; 
items.length; // return 11 
delete items[3]; // return true 
items.length; // return 11 
/* items 结果为 [12, 548, "a", undefined × 1, 5478, "foo", 8852, undefined ×
 1, "Doe", 2154, 119] */

var items = [12, 548 ,'a' , 2 , 5478 , 'foo' , 8852, , 'Doe' ,2154 , 119 ]; 
items.length; // return 11 
items.splice(3,1) ; 
items.length; // return 10 
/* items 结果为 [12, 548, "a", 5478, "foo", 8852, undefined × 1, "Doe", 2154, 119]

var myArray = [12 , 222 , 1000 , 124 , 98 , 10 ];  
myArray.length = 4; // myArray will be equal to [12 , 222 , 1000 , 124].

myArray.length = 10; // the new array length is 10 
myArray[myArray.length - 1] ; // undefined

var foo = 10;  
foo == 10 && doSomething(); // is the same thing as if (foo == 10) doSomething(); 
foo == 5 || doSomething(); // is the same thing as if (foo != 5) doSomething();

function doSomething(arg1){ 
    arg1 = arg1 || 10; // arg1 will have 10 as a default value if it’s not already set
}

var squares = [1,2,3,4].map(function (val) {  
    return val * val;  
}); 
// squares will be equal to [1, 4, 9, 16]

var num =2.443242342;
num = num.toFixed(4);  // num will be equal to 2.4432

for (var name in object) {  
    if (object.hasOwnProperty(name)) { 
        // do something with name
    }  
}

var a = 0; 
var b = ( a++, 99 ); 
console.log(a);  // a will be equal to 1 
console.log(b);  // b is equal to 99

var navright = document.querySelector('#right'); 
var navleft = document.querySelector('#left'); 
var navup = document.querySelector('#up'); 
var navdown = document.querySelector('#down');

isFinite(0/0) ; // false
isFinite("foo"); // false
isFinite("10"); // true
isFinite(10);   // true
isFinite(undefined);  // false
isFinite();   // false
isFinite(null);  // true，这点当特别注意

var numbersArray = [1,2,3,4,5];
 var from = numbersArray.indexOf("foo") ; // from is equal to -1
 numbersArray.splice(from,2); // will return [5]

var person = {name :'Saad', age : 26, department : {ID : 15, name : "R&D"} };
var stringFromPerson = JSON.stringify(person);
/* stringFromPerson 结果为 "{"name":"Saad","age":26,"department":{"ID":15,"name":"R&D"}}"   */
var personFromString = JSON.parse(stringFromPerson);
/* personFromString 的值与 person 对象相同  */

var sum = 0;  
for (var i in arrayNumbers) {  
    sum += arrayNumbers[i];  
}

var sum = 0;  
for (var i = 0, len = arrayNumbers.length; i < len; i++) {  
    sum += arrayNumbers[i];  
}

for (var i = 0; i < arrayNumbers.length; i++)

setInterval('doSomethingPeriodically()', 1000);  
setTimeout('doSomethingAfterFiveSeconds()', 5000);

setInterval(doSomethingPeriodically, 1000);  
setTimeout(doSomethingAfterFiveSeconds, 5000);

function getCategory(age) {  
    var category = "";  
    switch (true) {  
        case isNaN(age):  
            category = "not an age";  
            break;  
        case (age >= 50):  
            category = "Old";  
            break;  
        case (age <= 20):  
            category = "Baby";  
            break;  
        default:  
            category = "Young";  
            break;  
    };  
    return category;  
}  
getCategory(5);  // 将返回 "Baby"

function clone(object) {  
    function OneShotConstructor(){}; 
    OneShotConstructor.prototype = object;  
    return new OneShotConstructor(); 
} 
clone(Array).prototype ;  // []

function escapeHTML(text) {  
    var replacements= {"<": "<", ">": ">","&": "&", "\"": """};                      
    return text.replace(/[<>&"]/g, function(character) {  
        return replacements[character];  
    }); 
}

var object = ['foo', 'bar'], i;  
for (i = 0, len = object.length; i <len; i++) {  
    try {  
        // do something that throws an exception 
    }  
    catch (e) {   
        // handle exception  
    } 
}

var object = ['foo', 'bar'], i;  
try { 
    for (i = 0, len = object.length; i <len; i++) {  
        // do something that throws an exception 
    } 
} 
catch (e) {   
    // handle exception  
}

var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest (); 
xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {  
    if (this.readyState == 4) {  
        clearTimeout(timeout);  
        // do something with response data 
    }  
}  
var timeout = setTimeout( function () {  
    xhr.abort(); // call error callback  
}, 60*1000 /* timeout after a minute */ ); 
xhr.open('GET', url, true);  
xhr.send();

var timerID = 0; 
function keepAlive() { 
    var timeout = 15000;  
    if (webSocket.readyState == webSocket.OPEN) {  
        webSocket.send('');  
    }  
    timerId = setTimeout(keepAlive, timeout);  
}  
function cancelKeepAlive() {  
    if (timerId) {  
        cancelTimeout(timerId);  
    }  
}

var min = Math.min(a,b); 
A.push(v);

var min = a < b ? a : b; 
A[A.length] = v;