Wie kann ich einen String in JavaScript auf eine bestimmte Länge auffüllen?

string.padStart(targetLength, [padString])

"Jonas".padStart(10); // Default pad string is a space
"42".padStart(6, "0"); // Pad with "0"
"*".padStart(8, "-/|\"); // produces '-/|\-/|*'

String.prototype.padStart = function (targetLength, padString) {
  if (this.length >= targetLength) { return this; }
  padString = padString !== undefined ? padString : ' ';
  return padString.repeat((targetLength - this.length) / padString.length) + this;
};

var n = 123

String("00000" + n).slice(-5); // returns 00123
("00000" + n).slice(-5); // returns 00123
("     " + n).slice(-5); // returns "  123" (with two spaces)

String.prototype.paddingLeft = function (paddingValue) {
   return String(paddingValue + this).slice(-paddingValue.length);
};

function getFormattedTime(date) {
  var hours = date.getHours();
  var minutes = date.getMinutes();

  hours = hours.toString().paddingLeft("00");
  minutes = minutes.toString().paddingLeft("00");

  return "{0}:{1}".format(hours, minutes);
};

String.prototype.format = function () {
    var args = arguments;
    return this.replace(/{(\d+)}/g, function (match, number) {
        return typeof args[number] != 'undefined' ? args[number] : match;
    });
};