React ist eine Open-Source-JavaScript-Bibliothek zum Erstellen beeindruckender und komplexer Benutzeroberflächen und eine der beliebtesten im JavaScript-Ökosystem.
React-Hooks sind Funktionen, die es Ihnen ermöglichen, den React-Status und andere Funktionen innerhalb funktionaler Komponenten zu verwenden und so Aufgaben wie die Handhabung von Nebenwirkungen und den Zugriff auf Kontext zu ermöglichen, ohne komplexe React-Klassen schreiben zu müssen. Die Verwendung von React-Hooks verbessert auch die Lesbarkeit und Wartbarkeit des Codes für Entwickler.
In diesem Artikel werde ich eine Liste der 38 React.js-Hooks und ihrer Anwendungsfälle veröffentlichen, die als eine der besten Ressourcen für React- und JavaScript-Entwickler angesehen werden können.
Verwaltet den lokalen Komponentenstatus.
import { useState } from 'react'; function Counter() { const [count, setCount] = useState(0); return ( <div> <button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>Increment</button> <p>Count: {count}</p> </div> ); }
Führt Nebenwirkungen in Funktionskomponenten aus.
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'; function DataFetcher() { const [data, setData] = useState(null); useEffect(() => { fetch('https://api.example.com/data') .then(response => response.json()) .then(data => setData(data)); }, []); return <div>Data: {data ? JSON.stringify(data) : 'Loading...'}</div>; }
Verbrauch Kontext in einer Komponente.
import { useContext } from 'react'; import { ThemeContext } from './ThemeContext'; function ThemedButton() { const theme = useContext(ThemeContext); return <button style={{ background: theme.background }}>Click me</button>; }
Verwaltet komplexe Zustandslogik
import { useReducer } from 'react'; const initialState = { count: 0 }; function reducer(state, action) { switch (action.type) { case 'increment': return { count: state.count + 1 }; case 'decrement': return { count: state.count - 1 }; default: throw new Error(); } } function Counter() { const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialState); return ( <div> <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: 'decrement' })}>-</button> <span>{state.count}</span> <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: 'increment' })}>+</button> </div> ); }
Gibt eine gespeicherte Rückruffunktion zurück.
import { useCallback, useState } from 'react'; function CallbackComponent() { const [count, setCount] = useState(0); const increment = useCallback(() => { setCount(count + 1); }, [count]); return <button onClick={increment}>Count: {count}</button>; }
Speichert teure Berechnungen, d. h. speichert Ergebnisse ressourcenintensiver Berechnungen für die zukünftige Verwendung.
import { useMemo, useState } from 'react'; function Fibonacci() { const [num, setNum] = useState(1); const fib = useMemo(() => { const computeFib = (n) => (n <= 1 ? n : computeFib(n - 1) + computeFib(n - 2)); return computeFib(num); }, [num]); return ( <div> <button onClick={() => setNum(num + 1)}>Next Fibonacci</button> <p>Fibonacci of {num} is {fib}</p> </div> ); }
Greift auf DOM-Elemente zu oder speichert veränderliche Werte.
import { useRef } from 'react'; function TextInputWithFocusButton() { const inputEl = useRef(null); const onButtonClick = () => { inputEl.current.focus(); }; return ( <div> <input ref={inputEl} type="text" /> <button onClick={onButtonClick}>Focus the input</button> </div> ); }
Passt den von einer Referenz bereitgestellten Instanzwert an.
import { forwardRef, useImperativeHandle, useRef } from 'react'; const FancyInput = forwardRef((props, ref) => { const inputRef = useRef(); useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({ focus: () => { inputRef.current.focus(); }, })); return <input ref={inputRef} />; }); function App() { const fancyInputRef = useRef(); return ( <div> <FancyInput ref={fancyInputRef} /> <button onClick={() => fancyInputRef.current.focus()}>Focus input</button> </div> ); }
Synchronisiert mit dem DOM-Layout.
import { useEffect, useLayoutEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'; function MeasureWidth() { const ref = useRef(); const [width, setWidth] = useState(0); useLayoutEffect(() => { setWidth(ref.current.offsetWidth); }, []); return ( <div> <div ref={ref} style={{ width: '50%' }}> Resize the window to see the effect. </div> <p>Width: {width}px</p> </div> ); }
Zeigt benutzerdefinierte Beschriftung in React DevTools an.
import { useDebugValue, useState } from 'react'; function useFriendStatus(friendID) { const [isOnline, setIsOnline] = useState(null); useDebugValue(isOnline ? 'Online' : 'Offline'); // Simulate an asynchronous operation setTimeout(() => setIsOnline(Math.random() > 0.5), 1000); return isOnline; } function FriendStatus({ friendID }) { const isOnline = useFriendStatus(friendID); if (isOnline === null) { return 'Loading...'; } return isOnline ? 'Online' : 'Offline'; }
Ruft Daten von einer API ab.
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'; function useFetch(url) { const [data, setData] = useState(null); const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true); useEffect(() => { fetch(url) .then(response => response.json()) .then(data => { setData(data); setLoading(false); }); }, [url]); return { data, loading }; } function App() { const { data, loading } = useFetch('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts'); if (loading) { return <p>Loading...</p>; } return ( <ul> {data.map(post => ( <li key={post.id}>{post.title}</li> ))} </ul> ); }
Verwaltet den Status mit lokalem Speicher.
import { useState } from 'react'; function useLocalStorage(key, initialValue) { const [storedValue, setStoredValue] = useState(() => { try { const item = window.localStorage.getItem(key); return item ? JSON.parse(item) : initialValue; } catch (error) { console.error(error); return initialValue; } }); const setValue = (value) => { try { const valueToStore = value instanceof Function ? value(storedValue) : value; setStoredValue(valueToStore); window.localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(valueToStore)); } catch (error) { console.error(error); } }; return [storedValue, setValue]; } function App() { const [name, setName] = useLocalStorage('name', 'Bob'); return ( <div> <input value={name} onChange={(e) => setName(e.target.value)} /> <p>Hello, {name}!</p> </div> ); }
Entspringt einen Wert im Laufe der Zeit.
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'; function useDebounce(value, delay) { const [debouncedValue, setDebouncedValue] = useState(value); useEffect(() => { const handler = setTimeout(() => { setDebouncedValue(value); }, delay); return () => { clearTimeout(handler); }; }, [value, delay]); return debouncedValue; } function App() { const [text, setText] = useState(''); const debouncedText = useDebounce(text, 500); return ( <div> <input value={text} onChange={(e) => setText(e.target.value)} /> <p>Debounced Value: {debouncedText}</p> </div> ); }
Speichert den vorherigen Wert einer Variablen.
import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react'; function usePrevious(value) { const ref = useRef(); useEffect(() => { ref.current = value; }, [value]); return ref.current; } function App() { const [count, setCount] = useState(0); const previousCount = usePrevious(count); return ( <div> <button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>Count: {count}</button> <p>Previous Count: {previousCount}</p> </div> ); }
Verfolgt die Fenstergröße.
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'; function useWindowSize() { const [size, setSize] = useState({ width: window.innerWidth, height: window.innerHeight }); useEffect(() => { const handleResize = () => { setSize({ width: window.innerWidth, height: window.innerHeight }); }; window.addEventListener('resize', handleResize); return () => window.removeEventListener('resize', handleResize); }, []); return size; } function App() { const { width, height } = useWindowSize(); return ( <div> <p>Width: {width}px</p> <p>Height: {height}px</p> </div> ); }
Erkennt, ob ein Element schwebend ist.
import { useCallback, useState } from 'react'; function useHover() { const [hovered, setHovered] = useState(false); const onMouseOver = useCallback(() => setHovered(true), []); const onMouseOut = useCallback(() => setHovered(false), []); return { hovered, onMouseOver, onMouseOut }; } function HoverComponent() { const { hovered, onMouseOver, onMouseOut } = useHover(); return ( <div onMouseOver={onMouseOver} onMouseOut={onMouseOut}> {hovered ? 'Hovering' : 'Not Hovering'} </div> ); }
Verfolgt den Online-Status.
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'; function useOnlineStatus() { const [isOnline, setIsOnline] = useState(navigator.onLine); useEffect(() => { const handleOnline = () => setIsOnline(true); const handleOffline = () => setIsOnline(false); window.addEventListener('online', handleOnline); window.addEventListener('offline', handleOffline); return () => { window.removeEventListener('online', handleOnline); window.removeEventListener('offline', handleOffline); }; }, []); return isOnline; } function App() { const isOnline = useOnlineStatus(); return <div>{isOnline ? 'Online' : 'Offline'}</div>; }
Hängt einen Ereignis-Listener an.
import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react'; function useEventListener(eventName, handler, element = window) { const savedHandler = useRef(); useEffect(() => { savedHandler.current = handler; }, [handler]); useEffect(() => { const eventListener = (event) => savedHandler.current(event); element.addEventListener(eventName, eventListener); return () => { element.removeEventListener(eventName, eventListener); }; }, [eventName, element]); } function App() { useEventListener('click', () => alert('Window clicked!')); return <div>Click anywhere!</div>; }
Stellt ein Intervall mit einer dynamischen Verzögerung ein.
import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react'; function useInterval(callback, delay) { const savedCallback = useRef(); useEffect(() => { savedCallback.current = callback; }, [callback]); useEffect(() => { function tick() { savedCallback.current(); } if (delay !== null) { const id = setInterval(tick, delay); return () => clearInterval(id); } }, [delay]); } function Timer() { const [count, setCount] = useState(0); useInterval(() => setCount(count + 1), 1000); return <div>Count: {count}</div>; }
Richte eine Zeitüberschreitung ein.
import { useState } from 'react'; function Counter() { const [count, setCount] = useState(0); return ( <div> <button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>Increment</button> <p>Count: {count}</p> </div> ); }
Erkennt Klicks außerhalb einer Komponente.
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'; function DataFetcher() { const [data, setData] = useState(null); useEffect(() => { fetch('https://api.example.com/data') .then(response => response.json()) .then(data => setData(data)); }, []); return <div>Data: {data ? JSON.stringify(data) : 'Loading...'}</div>; }
Verwaltet Vorgänge in der Zwischenablage.
import { useContext } from 'react'; import { ThemeContext } from './ThemeContext'; function ThemedButton() { const theme = useContext(ThemeContext); return <button style={{ background: theme.background }}>Click me</button>; }
Verwaltet die Präferenz für den Dunkelmodus.
import { useReducer } from 'react'; const initialState = { count: 0 }; function reducer(state, action) { switch (action.type) { case 'increment': return { count: state.count + 1 }; case 'decrement': return { count: state.count - 1 }; default: throw new Error(); } } function Counter() { const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialState); return ( <div> <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: 'decrement' })}>-</button> <span>{state.count}</span> <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: 'increment' })}>+</button> </div> ); }
Schaltet zwischen booleschen Werten um.
import { useCallback, useState } from 'react'; function CallbackComponent() { const [count, setCount] = useState(0); const increment = useCallback(() => { setCount(count + 1); }, [count]); return <button onClick={increment}>Count: {count}</button>; }
Schaltet zwischen hellen und dunklen Themen um.
import { useMemo, useState } from 'react'; function Fibonacci() { const [num, setNum] = useState(1); const fib = useMemo(() => { const computeFib = (n) => (n <= 1 ? n : computeFib(n - 1) + computeFib(n - 2)); return computeFib(num); }, [num]); return ( <div> <button onClick={() => setNum(num + 1)}>Next Fibonacci</button> <p>Fibonacci of {num} is {fib}</p> </div> ); }
Frägt Medieneigenschaften ab.
import { useRef } from 'react'; function TextInputWithFocusButton() { const inputEl = useRef(null); const onButtonClick = () => { inputEl.current.focus(); }; return ( <div> <input ref={inputEl} type="text" /> <button onClick={onButtonClick}>Focus the input</button> </div> ); }
Sperrt den Textlauf.
import { forwardRef, useImperativeHandle, useRef } from 'react'; const FancyInput = forwardRef((props, ref) => { const inputRef = useRef(); useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({ focus: () => { inputRef.current.focus(); }, })); return <input ref={inputRef} />; }); function App() { const fancyInputRef = useRef(); return ( <div> <FancyInput ref={fancyInputRef} /> <button onClick={() => fancyInputRef.current.focus()}>Focus input</button> </div> ); }
Erkennt Tastendruck.
import { useEffect, useLayoutEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'; function MeasureWidth() { const ref = useRef(); const [width, setWidth] = useState(0); useLayoutEffect(() => { setWidth(ref.current.offsetWidth); }, []); return ( <div> <div ref={ref} style={{ width: '50%' }}> Resize the window to see the effect. </div> <p>Width: {width}px</p> </div> ); }
Aktualisiert den Dokumenttitel.
import { useDebugValue, useState } from 'react'; function useFriendStatus(friendID) { const [isOnline, setIsOnline] = useState(null); useDebugValue(isOnline ? 'Online' : 'Offline'); // Simulate an asynchronous operation setTimeout(() => setIsOnline(Math.random() > 0.5), 1000); return isOnline; } function FriendStatus({ friendID }) { const isOnline = useFriendStatus(friendID); if (isOnline === null) { return 'Loading...'; } return isOnline ? 'Online' : 'Offline'; }
Behandelt den Schwebezustand.
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'; function useFetch(url) { const [data, setData] = useState(null); const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true); useEffect(() => { fetch(url) .then(response => response.json()) .then(data => { setData(data); setLoading(false); }); }, [url]); return { data, loading }; } function App() { const { data, loading } = useFetch('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts'); if (loading) { return <p>Loading...</p>; } return ( <ul> {data.map(post => ( <li key={post.id}>{post.title}</li> ))} </ul> ); }
Ruft die Geolokalisierung ab.
import { useState } from 'react'; function useLocalStorage(key, initialValue) { const [storedValue, setStoredValue] = useState(() => { try { const item = window.localStorage.getItem(key); return item ? JSON.parse(item) : initialValue; } catch (error) { console.error(error); return initialValue; } }); const setValue = (value) => { try { const valueToStore = value instanceof Function ? value(storedValue) : value; setStoredValue(valueToStore); window.localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(valueToStore)); } catch (error) { console.error(error); } }; return [storedValue, setValue]; } function App() { const [name, setName] = useLocalStorage('name', 'Bob'); return ( <div> <input value={name} onChange={(e) => setName(e.target.value)} /> <p>Hello, {name}!</p> </div> ); }
Verfolgt die Bildlaufposition.
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'; function useDebounce(value, delay) { const [debouncedValue, setDebouncedValue] = useState(value); useEffect(() => { const handler = setTimeout(() => { setDebouncedValue(value); }, delay); return () => { clearTimeout(handler); }; }, [value, delay]); return debouncedValue; } function App() { const [text, setText] = useState(''); const debouncedText = useDebounce(text, 500); return ( <div> <input value={text} onChange={(e) => setText(e.target.value)} /> <p>Debounced Value: {debouncedText}</p> </div> ); }
Führt eine Funktion aus, wenn die Bereitstellung einer Komponente aufgehoben wird.
import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react'; function usePrevious(value) { const ref = useRef(); useEffect(() => { ref.current = value; }, [value]); return ref.current; } function App() { const [count, setCount] = useState(0); const previousCount = usePrevious(count); return ( <div> <button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>Count: {count}</button> <p>Previous Count: {previousCount}</p> </div> ); }
Erkennt Klicks außerhalb eines Elements.
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'; function useWindowSize() { const [size, setSize] = useState({ width: window.innerWidth, height: window.innerHeight }); useEffect(() => { const handleResize = () => { setSize({ width: window.innerWidth, height: window.innerHeight }); }; window.addEventListener('resize', handleResize); return () => window.removeEventListener('resize', handleResize); }, []); return size; } function App() { const { width, height } = useWindowSize(); return ( <div> <p>Width: {width}px</p> <p>Height: {height}px</p> </div> ); }
Entprellt eine Rückruffunktion.
import { useCallback, useState } from 'react'; function useHover() { const [hovered, setHovered] = useState(false); const onMouseOver = useCallback(() => setHovered(true), []); const onMouseOut = useCallback(() => setHovered(false), []); return { hovered, onMouseOver, onMouseOut }; } function HoverComponent() { const { hovered, onMouseOver, onMouseOut } = useHover(); return ( <div onMouseOver={onMouseOver} onMouseOut={onMouseOut}> {hovered ? 'Hovering' : 'Not Hovering'} </div> ); }
Drosselt einen Wert im Laufe der Zeit.
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'; function useOnlineStatus() { const [isOnline, setIsOnline] = useState(navigator.onLine); useEffect(() => { const handleOnline = () => setIsOnline(true); const handleOffline = () => setIsOnline(false); window.addEventListener('online', handleOnline); window.addEventListener('offline', handleOffline); return () => { window.removeEventListener('online', handleOnline); window.removeEventListener('offline', handleOffline); }; }, []); return isOnline; } function App() { const isOnline = useOnlineStatus(); return <div>{isOnline ? 'Online' : 'Offline'}</div>; }
Führt einen Effekt nur bei Updates aus, nicht beim Mounten.
import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react'; function useEventListener(eventName, handler, element = window) { const savedHandler = useRef(); useEffect(() => { savedHandler.current = handler; }, [handler]); useEffect(() => { const eventListener = (event) => savedHandler.current(event); element.addEventListener(eventName, eventListener); return () => { element.removeEventListener(eventName, eventListener); }; }, [eventName, element]); } function App() { useEventListener('click', () => alert('Window clicked!')); return <div>Click anywhere!</div>; }
Verwaltet den Status im lokalen Speicher
import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react'; function useInterval(callback, delay) { const savedCallback = useRef(); useEffect(() => { savedCallback.current = callback; }, [callback]); useEffect(() => { function tick() { savedCallback.current(); } if (delay !== null) { const id = setInterval(tick, delay); return () => clearInterval(id); } }, [delay]); } function Timer() { const [count, setCount] = useState(0); useInterval(() => setCount(count + 1), 1000); return <div>Count: {count}</div>; }
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